S.P. Singh solutions for कन्साइस केमिस्ट्री [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १० आईसीएसई chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry [Latest edition]

What are organic compounds?

What is vital force theory?

Why vital force theory was discarded?

Name a few sources of organic chemistry?

Give the various applications of organic chemistry?

Organic chemistry plays a key role in all walks of life. Discuss.

Carbon shows some unique properties; name them.

Explain the following:

Tetravalency

Explain the following:

Catenation 

Write any four properties of organic compounds that distinguish them from inorganic compounds.

Why are organic compounds studies as a separate branch of chemistry?

What are hydrocarbons?

Compare saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Give reasons for the existence of the large number of organic compounds.

Give at least one example to show the structure of isomers of single-bond compound.

Give at least one example to show the structure of isomers of double bond compounds.

Give at least one example in case to show the structure of isomers of a triple bond compound.

Name a compound and draw the figure:

Cyclic compound with a single bond.

Name a compound and draw the figure:

Cyclic compound with the triple bond.

Give the name of one member of the saturated hydrocarbons.

Give the name of one member of the unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Define the substitution reaction. Give an example.

Define the addition reaction. Give an example.

Define a functional group.

Give the structural formula of the following functional group:

Ketone

Give the structural formula of the following functional group:

Alcohols

Give the structural formula of the following functional group:

Aldehydes

What is a homologous series?

What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two adjacent homologues in terms of molecular mass?

Write the name and formula of the fourth member of the following homologous series:

Alkyne

Write the name and formula of the fourth member of the following homologous series:

Alcohol

Which part of an organic compound determines physical properties?

Which part of an organic compound determines chemical properties?

What is an alkyl group?

Give the names of any three alkyl groups. How are they formed?

Give the names and the structural formula of the first three members of the homologous series of alkanes.

Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compound:

CH₃OH

Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compound:

C₂H₅OH

Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compound:

C₃H₇CHO

Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compound:

C₄H₉COOH

Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compound:

CH₃COOH

Name the alkyl radical and the functional group of the following organic compound:

C₂H₅Br

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\\
|\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH3}\\
|\\
\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{..............}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.........}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{}\\
\ce{H - C = C - C - H}\\
\phantom{...............}|\\
\phantom{................}\ce{H}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.........}\\
|\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{H3C - C - CH2CH2CH3}\\
|\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.........}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

CH₃ – C ≡ C – CH₂CH₃

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{............}\ce{CH3}\\
\phantom{.........}|\\
\ce{H - C ≡ C - C - H}\\
\phantom{.........}|\\
\phantom{............}\ce{CH3}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{Cl}\phantom{...........}\\
|\phantom{............}\\
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH - CH2CH3}\\
|\\
\phantom{.}\ce{Cl}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\phantom{......}\\
|\phantom{......}|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{CH2 - CH - CH2}\\
\phantom{...........}|\\
\phantom{.....................}\ce{CH2CH2CH3}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H3C - C = C - CH3}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

CH₃ – C ≡ C – CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...........}\\
|\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH2CH2CH2CHO}\\
|\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...........}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2CH2CH3}\\
|\phantom{..........}\\
\ce{OH}\phantom{........}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3CHCH2CH2COOH}\\
|\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...........}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\\
|\phantom{....}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH2CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}\\
\ce{Br}\phantom{...}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{........}\\
|\phantom{...........}\\
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2Br}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{.........}\\
|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{H - C - C ≡ C - H}\\
|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{.........}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H - C = O}\\
|\\
\ce{H}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{\phantom{............}CH3\phantom{...........}CH3}\\
\phantom{.........}|\phantom{.................}|\\
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - C - CH2 - CH - CH3}\\
|\phantom{..........}\\
\ce{CH2CH3}
\end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - OH}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{\phantom{}H\phantom{...}H\phantom{...}H\phantom{..}}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{\phantom{.....}H\phantom{...}O}\\
\phantom{.....}|\phantom{....}||\\
\ce{H - C - C}\\
\phantom{.....}|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{\phantom{.......}H\phantom{...}OH}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H\phantom{...}O}\\
|\phantom{....}||\\
\ce{H - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{.....}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{.....}
\end{array}\]

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H\phantom{...}H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{Cl\phantom{...}Cl}\\\end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{O}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{.....}||\phantom{......}|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{}\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - C - H}\\ \phantom{}|\phantom{.............}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{}\\ \ce{\phantom{.}H\phantom{...........}H\phantom{.....}H\phantom{.}} \end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc} \phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\ce{H}\phantom{............}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\ce{H}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{..............}|\phantom{......}|\\
\ce{H - C - C - O - C - C - H}\\ 
\phantom{}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{..............}|\phantom{......}|\\
\ce{\phantom{}H\phantom{.....}H\phantom{............}H\phantom{.....}\ce{H}} \end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC name of the following: 

\[ \begin{array}{ccccccccccccc} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{O} & & & & \mathrm{H} & & \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \big| & & \big\| & & & & \big| & & \\[-2pt] \mathrm{H} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{O} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{H} \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \big| & & & & & & \big| & & \\[-2pt] & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & & & & & \mathrm{H} & & \end{array} \]

Give the IUPAC name of the following:

\[\begin{array}{cc}\
\ce{O}\phantom{.......}\\
||\phantom{......}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH2CH3}
\end{array}\]

Write the structure of the following compound:

Prop-1-ene

Draw the structural formula for the following:

2, 3-dimethyl butane

Give the structural formulae of the following:

2-methyl propane

Write the structure of the following compound:

3-hexene

Write the structure of the following compound:

prop-1-yne

Write the structure of the following compound:

2-methylprop-1-ene

Write the structure of the following compound:

Alcohol with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀O.

C₅H₁₁ is an ______.

A hydrocarbon of the general formula C_nH_2n is ______.

The total number of different carbon chains that four carbon atoms form in alkane is ______.

CH₃ – CH₂ – OH and CH₃ – O – CH₃ are ______.

The IUPAC name of the compound is

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{........}\ce{CH3}\\
\phantom{......}|\\
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3}
\end{array}\]

Propane and ethane are ______.

A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an ______ reaction.

Succeeding members of a homologous series differ by ______.

As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points ______ and melting points ______.

C₂₅H₅₂ and C₅₀H₁₀₂ belong to ______ homologous series.

CO is an ______ compound.

The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ______ and the physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ______.

CHO is the functional group of an ______.

The root word in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon atoms in ______.

But-1-ene and but-2-ene are examples of ______ isomerism.

Define of chain isomerism.

Explain of chain isomerism with an example.

Define or explain position isomerism with an example.

Define isomerism.

State two main causes of isomerism.

Draw the chain isomers of hexane (C₆H₁₄).

Draw position isomers of butene (C₄H₈).

Draw the structural formula for the isomer of the n-butane compound. What compound is used to describe this compound taken together?

Draw the structural formula for the vinegar compound. What compound is used to describe this compound taken together?

Draw the structural formula for the ethanal compound. What compound is used to describe this compound taken together?

Draw the structural formula for the propanoic acid compound. What compound is used to describe this compound taken together?

Draw the structural formula for the pentan-2-ol compound. What compound is used to describe this compound taken together?

What is the special feature of the structure of ethene?

What is the special feature of the structure of ethyne?

What type of reaction is common to both the ethene and ethyne compounds? Why methane does not undergo this type of reaction?

What is the IUPAC name of dimethyl ether?

Which type of reaction will ethane undergo?

Which type of reaction will ethene undergo?

Choosing only words from the following list, write down appropriate words to fill in the blanks from (a) to (e) given below.

[Addition, carbohydrates, C_nH_2n−2, C_nH_2n, C_nH_2n+2, electrochemical homologous, hydrocarbon, saturated, substitution, unsaturated]

The alkanes from an (a) ______ series with the general formula (b) ______. The alkanes are (c) ______ (d) ______ which generally undergo (e) ______ reactions.

Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms in the following case:

An alkane with a carbon to carbon single bond.

Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms in the following case:

An alcohol containing two carbon atoms.

Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms in the following case:

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with carbon to carbon triple bond.

From the given list, name the compound with −OH as part of its structure.

From the given list, name the compound with –COOH as part of its structure.

From the given list, name the homologue of the homologous series with the general formula C_nH_2n.

Give the correct IUPAC name and the functional group for the compound whose structural formula is given below:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{.}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}||\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\\
\end{array}\]

Give the correct IUPAC name and the functional group for the compound whose structural formula is given below:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H\phantom{...}H\phantom{...}H\phantom{..}}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - OH}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H\phantom{...}H\phantom{...}H\phantom{..}}
\end{array}\]

Draw the chain isomer of:

\[\begin{array}{ccccccccccc} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \big| & & \big| & & \big| & & \big| \\[-2pt] \mathrm{H} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!=\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} &\!-\!& \mathrm{H} \\[-2pt] & & & & & & \big| & & \big| & & \big| \\[-2pt] & & & & & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} \end{array}\]

Draw the structure of 2-methylpentane.

Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets:

Alkenes are the (i) ______ (analogous/homologous) series of (ii) ______ (saturated/unsaturated) hydrocarbons. They differ from alkanes due to the presence of (iii) ______ (double/single) bonds. Alkenes mainly undergo (iv) ______ (addition/substitution) reactions.

The organic compound which undergoes substitution reaction is ______.

Draw the structural formulae of the two isomers of Butane. Give the correct IUPAC name of each of the isomers.

Name the saturated hydrocarbon containing two carbon atoms.

Name an alcohol with three carbon atoms.

Name a triple bond hydrocarbon with two carbon atoms.

Copy and complete the following table, which relates to the three homologous series of hydrocarbons:

State the sources of Alkanes.

Methane is a greenhouse gas. comment.

Give the general formula of alkanes. 

Draw the structures of isomers of butane. Write the IUPAC and common names of these isomers.

Draw the structures of the isomer of pentane. Write the IUPAC and common names of these isomer

Write the molecular formula of methane.

Write the molecular formula of ethane.

Write the electron dot formula of methane.

Write the electron dot formula of ethane.

Write the structural formula of methane.

Write the structural formulae of the following compound:

Ethane

How is methane prepared in the laboratory?

How is ethane prepared in the laboratory?

How is methane prepared from methyl iodide?

How is ethane prepared from ethyl bromide?

What is the substitution reaction?

Give the reaction of chlorine with ethane and name the product formed. 

Name the compounds formed when methane burns in sufficient air. Give a balanced equation.

Name the compounds formed when methane burns in insufficient air. Give a balanced equation.

Write the names and formulas of the products formed when methane reacts with chlorine. Write the chemical equations.

Write the names and the formula of the products formed when methane reacts with bromine. Write the chemical equations.

Write the names and the formula of the products formed when ethane reacts with chlorine. Write the chemical equations.

Write the names and the formula of the products formed when ethane reacts with bromine. Write the chemical equations.

Name the compound prepared from sodium propionate. Write the balanced equation for the same.

Name the compound prepared from methyl iodide. Write the balanced equation for the same.

Name the compound prepared from ethyl bromide. Write a balanced equation for the same.

Write the equation for the complete combustion of methane.

Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of ethane.

Convert methane into chloroform.

Convert sodium acetate into methane.

Convert methyl iodide into ethane.

Convert methane to methyl alcohol.

Give three uses of methane.

Give three uses of ethane.

Under what conditions does ethane get converted to ethyl alcohol?

Under what conditions does ethane get converted to acetaldehyde?

Under what conditions does ethane get converted to acetic acid?

Using appropriate catalysts, ethane can be oxidized to an alcohol. Name the alcohol formed when ethane is oxidized.

Using appropriate catalysts, ethane can be oxidized to an aldehyde. Name the aldehyde formed when ethane is oxidized.

Write the molecular formula of ethene (Ethylene).

Write the electron dot formula of ethene (ethylene).

Write the structural formula of ethene (ethylene).

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

What does n signify?

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

What does 2n signify?

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

What is the name of the alkene when n = 4? 

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula, C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

What is the molecular formula of alkene when n = 4? 

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

What is the molecular formula of the alkene if there are ten H atoms in it? 

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

What is the structural formula of the third member of the alkene family?

The molecules of the alkene family are represented by a general formula C_nH_2n. Answer the following:

Write the molecular formula of lower and higher homologues of an alkene which contains four carbon atoms.

Distinguish between the saturated hydrocarbon ethane and the unsaturated hydrocarbon ethene by drawing their structural formulae.

Draw the structure of isomers of butene and write their IUPAC names.

Give a balanced equation for the lab. Preparation of ethylene. How is the gas collected?

How is ethene prepared by a dehydrohalogenation reaction? Give an equation and name the products formed.

How is ethene prepared by a dehydration reaction? Give an equation and name the products formed.

Ethylene (ethene), when reacts with halogens (chlorine and bromine) form saturated products. Name them and write balanced equations.

Give the conditions and the main products formed by hydrogenation of ethene. 

Convert ethanol into ethene using a solid dehydrating agent. Give only a balanced equation.

Convert ethanol into ethene using hot conc. H₂SO₄. Give only a balanced equation.

Write the following property of ethene:

Physical state

Write the following property of ethene: 

Odour 

Write the following property of ethene:

Density as compared to air.

Write the following property of ethene:

Solubility 

How would you convert ethyl bromide into ethene?

How would you convert ethene into 1, 2-dibromoethane?

How would you convert ethene into ethane?

Give the balanced equation when ethene is burnt in excess of oxygen.

Give a balanced equation when ethene reacts with chlorine gas.

Give the balanced equation when ethene combines with hydrogen chloride.

Give the balanced equation when a mixture of ethene and hydrogen is passed over nickel at 200°C.

Give the formula and names of A, B, C and D in the following equation:

\[\ce{CH4 ->[Cl2][-HCl] A ->[Cl2][-HCl] B ->[Cl2][-HCl] C->[Cl2][-HCl] D}\]

Give the formula and names of A, B, C and D in the following equation: 

\[\ce{C2H2 ->[H2] A ->[H2] B ->[Br2][-HBr] C ->[Br2][-HBr] D}\]

Give the formula and names of A, B, C and D in the following equation:

\[\ce{C2H4 + B ->[200^\circ C][Ni] C2H6}\]

Write the name and formula of the product formed in the case below: 

\[\ce{C2H4 + Cl2 -> {..........}}\]

Write the name and formula of the product formed in the case below:

\[\ce{C2H5I + KOH(alc.) ->[\Delta] {...........}}\]

Write the name and formula of the product formed in the case below: 

\[\ce{H2C = CH2 ->[alk.KMnO4] {.........}}\]

Write the name and formula of the product formed in the case below:

\[\ce{H2C = CH2 + HBr -> {...........}}\]

What do you observe when ethene is passed through an alkaline KMnO₄ solution?

Name three compounds formed by ethene and give one use of each compound.

What are the sources for alkynes?

Give the general formula of alkynes.

Give an example of isomers shown by triple bond hydrocarbons (alkynes) and write their IUPAC names.

How is ethyne prepared in the laboratory?

1. Draw a diagram.
2. Give an equation.
3. How is pure dry gas collected?

Give the method of preparation of ethyne by 1, 2-dibromoethene.

Name the hydrocarbon which is a tetrahedral molecule.

Name the hydrocarbon which is a planar molecule.

Name the hydrocarbon which is a linear molecule.

Name the hydrocarbon which forms a red precipitate with ammoniacal solution of copper (I) chloride.

Name the hydrocarbon which is known as paraffin.

Name the hydrocarbon which is known as olefin.

Name the hydrocarbon which will give acetylene (ethyne) gas when treated with water.

Classify the compound C₃H₄ as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Classify the compound C₃H₈ as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Classify the compound C₅H₈ as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Classify the C₃H₆ compound as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethane and ethene.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethene (ethylene) and ethyne (acetylene).

Compound X bubbled through bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄):

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{X ->[Br2/CCl4] CH2Br}\\
\phantom{......}|\\
\phantom{...........}\ce{CH2Br}\\
\end{array}\]

1. Draw the structure of X.
2. State your observation during the reaction.

Give a balanced equation for the following conversion.

An alkene to an alkane.

Give a balanced equation for the following conversion.

An alkene to an alcohol.

Give a balanced equation for the following conversion.

An alkyne to an alkene.

Name the products formed and write an equation when ethyne is added to the following in an inert solvent:

Chlorine

Name the products formed and write an equation when ethyne is added to the following in an inert solvent:

Bromine

Name the products formed and write an equation when ethyne is added to the following in an inert solvent:

Iodine

Name the products formed and write an equation when ethyne is added to the following in an inert solvent:

Hydrogen

Name the products formed and write an equation when ethyne is added to the following in an inert solvent:

Excess of hydrochloric acid

Substitution reactions are characteristic reactions of ______.

Which of the following undergoes two steps of reactions to become saturated?

Write an equation for the laboratory preparation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon from calcium carbide.

Write an equation for the laboratory preparation of an alcohol from ethyl bromide.

What would you see when ethyne is bubbled through a solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride?

Name the addition product formed between ethene and water.

Give reasons:

Ethyne is more reactive than ethene.

Give reasons:

Ethene is more reactive than ethane.

Give reasons:

Hydrocarbons are excellent fuels.

Write a balanced equation when butane is burnt in oxygen.

Write a balanced equation for the following:

Write the equation for the preparation of ethylene from ethyl alcohol.

Write a balanced equation to convert ethyne to tetrabromoethane.

Convert ethyne to ethane.

Write the equation for the preparation of carbon tetrachloride from methane.

Draw the structural formula of ethyne.

How is the structure of alkynes different from that of alkenes?

What are alcohols?

State the sources of alcohol.

Give the general formula of monohydric alcohol?

Give the dot diagram of the first member of the alcohol.

Give the abbreviated formula of the third member of the alcohol.

Give the structure of the second member of the alcohol group.

Give the structure of alcohol with 4 carbon atoms.

State the method of preparation of ethanol by hydrolysis of ethene.

State the method of preparation of ethanol by hydrolysis of ethyl bromide.

Haloalkanes react with alkalies to produce alcohol. Give the equation for the preparation of the second member of the homologous series of alcohol. State under what condition the reaction occurs.

How do the boiling point and melting point change in the homologous series of alcohols?

Name the product formed when ethanol reacts with acetic acid. Give an equation. What is the name given to this type of reaction?

Complete and balance the following equation. State the condition wherever necessary.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH}\phantom{..............................}\\
\ce{|||\phantom{..}+ H2 -> \underline{}\underline{}\underline{}\underline{} + H2 -> \underline{}\underline{}\underline{}\underline{}}\\
\ce{CH}\phantom{..............................}
\end{array}\]

Complete and balance the following equation. State the condition wherever necessary.

\[\ce{C2H4 + Br2 -> \underline{\phantom{........}}}\]

Complete and balance the following equation. State the condition wherever necessary.

\[\ce{C2H4 + HCl -> \underline{\phantom{.......}}}\]

Complete and balance the following equation. State the condition wherever necessary.

\[\ce{CaC2 + H2O -> \underline{\phantom{.........}}}\]

Complete and balance the following equation. State the condition wherever necessary.

\[\ce{C2H2 + Br2 -> \underline{\phantom{........}}}\]

Complete and balance the following equation. State the condition wherever necessary.

\[\ce{C2H5OH ->[{[O]}][K2Cr2O7] \underline{\phantom{......}}}\]

What is the effect of ethanol on the human body?

How is the absolute alcohol obtained?

How is the spurious alcohol obtained?

How is the methylated spirit obtained?

Name the product formed and give the appropriate chemical equation for the following:

Sodium reacting with ethyl alcohol.

Name the product formed and give an appropriate chemical equation for the following:

Ethanol oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate.

Give the trivial (common) name and IUPAC name of the following:

C₃H₆

Give the trivial (common) name and IUPAC name of the following:

C₂H₄

Give the trivial (common) name and IUPAC name of the following:

C₂H₂

Give the trivial (common) name and the IUPAC name of the following:

CH₃OH

Give the trivial (common) name and the IUPAC name of the following:

C₂H₅OH

Ethanol can be oxidized to ethanoic acid. Write the equation and name the oxidizing agent.

Name an organic compound which is used for illuminating country houses.

Name an organic compound which is used for making a household plastic material.

Name an organic compound which is called ‘wood spirit’.

Name an organic compound which is poisonous and contains OH group.

Name an organic compound which is consumed as a drink.

Name an organic compound which is used in a thermometer.

Name an organic compound which is a solvent for gums and resins.

Name an organic compound which is dehydrated to produce ethene.

Ethanol can be converted into ethene which can be changed into ethane. Choose the correct word or phrase from the options to complete the following sentence.

The conversion of ethanol into ethene is an example of ______.

Ethanol can be converted into ethene which can be changed into ethane. Choose the correct word or phrase from the options to complete the following sentence.

Converting ethanol into ethene requires the use of ______.

Ethanol can be converted into ethene which can be changed into ethane. Choose the correct word or phrase from the options to complete the following sentence.

The conversion of ethene into ethane is an example of ______.

Ethanol can be converted into ethene which can be changed into ethane. Choose the correct word or phrase from the options to complete the following sentence.

The catalyst used in the conversion of ethene to ethane is commonly ______.

Write the equation of the following laboratory preparation:

Ethane from sodium propionate.

Write the equation of the following laboratory preparation: 

Ethene from iodoethane.

Write the equation for the following lab preparation:

Ethyne from calcium carbide.

Write the equation for the following lab preparation:

Methanol from iodomethane.

Name the compound prepared by the following reaction:

\[\ce{C2H5COONa +NaOH ->}\] 

Name the compound prepared by the following reaction:

\[\ce{CH3I + 2H ->}\]

Name the compound prepared by the following reaction:

\[\ce{C2H5Br + KOH (alcoholic solution) ->}\]

Name the compound prepared by the following reaction:

\[\ce{CO + 2H2 (Zinc oxide catalyst) ->}\]

Name the compound prepared by the following reaction:

\[\ce{CaC2 + 2H2O ->}\]

Write the equation for the following reaction:

Calcium carbide and water

Write the equation for the following reaction:

Ethene and water (steam)

Write the equation for the following reaction:

Bromoethane and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

What are carboxylic acids?

Give the general formula of carboxylic acids.

Write the names of the first three members of the carboxylic acid series.

Write the names of three compounds which can be oxidised directly or in stages to produce acetic acid.

Give the structural formulae of acetic acid.

IUPAC name of acetic acid.

What is glacial acetic acid?

Vinegar is greyish in colour with a particular taste. Explain.

Why is pure acetic acid also known as glacial acetic acid?

Vinegar is prepared by the bacterial oxidation of ______.

The next higher homologue of ethanoic acid is ______.

How is acetic acid prepared from ethanol?

How is acetic acid prepared from acetylene?

Two organic compounds X and Y react in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ to produce a fruity smelling compound. X has the functional group −OH. What is the functional group of Y?

When vinegar is added to baking soda (NaHCO₃) a gas is evolved. The gas evolved, 

P turns lime water milky

Q extinguishes the burning splinter 

R acts as a non-metallic oxide

S has a pungent odour

Which of the following is correct?

What do you observe when acetic acid is added to sodium bicarbonate?

What do you observe when acetic acid is added to ethyl alcohol in the presence of sulphuric acid?

What do you observe when acetic acid is added to a neutral FeCl₃ solution?

Name the compound formed when acetic acid and ethanol react together.

Name the substance used to change acetic acid to acetic anhydride?

What do you notice when acetic acid reacts with litmus?

What do you notice when acetic acid reacts with metals?

What do you notice when acetic acid reacts with alkalies?

What do you notice when acetic acid reacts with alcohol?

What do you notice when acetic acid reacts with metals?

Acetic acid is a typical acid. Write one equation in case of its reactions with a base/alkali.

Acetic acid is a typical acid. Write one equation in case of its reactions with a carbonate.

Acetic acid is a typical acid. Write one equation in case of its reactions with a bicarbonate.

Choose the correct answer:

Which of the following statements is wrong about alkanes?

The organic compound obtained as the end product of the fermentation of a sugar solution is ______.

An organic compound undergoes addition reactions and gives a red colour precipitate with ammoniacal cuprous chloride. Therefore, the organic compound could be ______.

An organic weak acid is ______.

The organic compound mixed with ethanol to make it spurious is ______.

The functional group present in acetic acid is ______.

The unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo ______.

The number of C-H bonds in an ethane molecule is ______.

A hydrocarbon which is a greenhouse gas is ______.

The IUPAC name of acetylene is ______.

The organic compound having a double carbon-carbon bond is ______.

An example of a cyclic organic compound is ______.

The IUPAC name of methyl acetylene is ______.

The structures of four hydrocarbons are shown below:

How many isomers of butene are there?

Which of the following is the best reagent to distinguish between ethylene and acetylene?

P Bromine water

Q Ammoniacal silver nitrate solution

R Acidified potassium dichromate solution

Which of the following molecules contains \[\begin{array}{cc}\\
\backslash\phantom{..........}/\\
\ce{C = C}\\
/\phantom{..........}\backslash\\
\end{array}\]  bond between adjacent carbon atoms?

P C₄H₈

Q C₃H₄

R C₃H₆

Assertion (A): Carbon shows catenation.

Reason (R): Catenation is the property of self linking by covalent bonds.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Alkynes show addition reactions.

Reason (R): Alkanes show substitution reactions.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): The members of a homologous series can be prepared by using the same general method.

Reason (R): The members of a homologous series have the same physical properties.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): The brown colour of bromine fades when it is added to ethylene.

Reason (R): Ethylene shows substitution reactions.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Acetylene burns with a sooty flame.

Reason (R): Acetylene contains a greater carbon content.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): On adding ammoniacal silver nitrate to ethyne, it gives a white precipitate.

Reason (R): The above reaction forms white silver acetylide.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Carboxylic acids react with alcohol in presence of concentrated H₂SO₄ to produce a fruity smell.

Reason (R): It is due to the formation of an aldehyde.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Match the following reactions in column I with the products formed in column II. 

Match the organic compounds in column I with their categories in column II: 

The catalyst used for the conversion of ethene to ethane.

When acetaldehyde is oxidized with acidified potassium dichromate, it forms ______.

Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄, so as to form a compound and water. The chemical reaction which takes place is called ______.

Write the equation for the reaction taking place between 1, 2-dibromoethane and alcoholic potassium hydroxide.

The product formed when ethene gas reacts with water in the presence of sulphuric acid is ______.

From the following organic compounds given below, choose one compound in the given case which relates to the description:

An unsaturated hydrocarbon used for welding purposes.

From the following organic compounds given below, choose one compound in the given case which relates to the description:

An organic compound whose functional group is carboxyl.

From the following organic compounds given below, choose one compound in the given case which relates to the description:

A hydrocarbon which on catalytic hydrogenation gives a saturated hydrocarbon.

From the following organic compounds given below, choose one compound in the given case which relates to the description:

______ used as a thermometric liquid.

Name the following:

Process by which ethane is obtained from ethene.

Name the following:

A hydrocarbon which contributes towards the greenhouse effect.

Name the following:

Distinctive reaction that takes place when ethanol is treated with acetic acid.

Name the following:

The property of elements by virtue of which atoms of the element can link to each other in the form of a long chain or ring structure.

Name the following:

Reaction when an alkyl halide is treated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide.

Give one word or phrase for the following:

Hydrocarbons containing a \[ \begin{array}{ccccc} & & \mathrm{O} & & \\[-2pt] & & \big\| & & \\[-2pt] & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \end{array} \] functional group

Identify the functional group in the following compound.

Di methyl ether

Name the functional group present in propanone.

Give the IUPAC names of:

\[\begin{array}{c c c c c c c c c}
& & \mathrm{H} & & \phantom{\mathrm{H_3}}\mathrm{CH_3} & & \mathrm{H} & & \\[-2pt]
& & \big| & & \big| & & \big| & & \\[-2pt]
\mathrm{H} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{OH} \\[-2pt]
& & \big| & & \big| & & \big| & & \\[-2pt]
& & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & &
\end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC names of:

\[\begin{array}{ccccccccccc} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{Br} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{O} & & \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \big| & & \big| & & \big\| & & \\[-2pt] \mathrm{H} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{OH} \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \big| & & \big| & & & & \\[-2pt] & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{H} & & & & \end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC names of:

\[\begin{array}{ccccc} & & \mathrm{\phantom{...}C}{\mathrm{H_3}} & & \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \\[-2pt] \mathrm{H_3C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{CH_3} \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \\[-2pt] & & \phantom{...}\mathrm{OH}& & \end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC names of:

\[\begin{array}{ccccc} & & \mathrm{\phantom{...}C}{\mathrm{H_3}} & & \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \\[-2pt] \mathrm{H_2C} & \!=\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{CH_2CH_3} \end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC names of:

\[\begin{array}{ccccccc} & & \mathrm{H} & & \mathrm{\phantom{...}C}{\mathrm{H_3}} & & \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & \big| & & \\[-2pt] \mathrm{H} & \!-\! & \mathrm{C} & \!-\! & \mathrm{\phantom{..}CH} & \!-\! & \mathrm{CH_2}\!-\!\mathrm{OH} \\[-2pt] & & \big| & & & & \\[-2pt] & & \mathrm{H} & & & & \end{array}\]

Give the IUPAC names of:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{...........}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{........}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{..........}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}//\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - C - C}\\
\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{.....}\backslash\\
\phantom{...............}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\ce{O - H}
\end{array}\]

Why is pure acetic acid also known as glacial acetic acid?

Give a chemical equation for the reaction between ethyl alcohol and acetic acid.

Find the odd one out and explain:

Define isomerism.

Give the IUPAC name of the isomer C₄H₁₀ which has a branched-chain.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{A - C = O}\\
|\\
\ce{B}
\end{array}\]

where C stands for carbon, O for oxygen, А for hydrogen and B for ethyl group.

Write the equation of ethyl bromide with aqueous NaOH.

Write the equation of ethyl bromide with alcoholic NaOH.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:

Monochloroethane is hydrolysed with aqueous KOH.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:

A mixture of sodalime and sodium acetate is heated.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:

Ethanol under high pressure and low temperature is treated with acidified potassium dichoromate.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:

Water is added to calcium carbide.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:

Ethanol reacts with sodium at room temperature.

Give chemical equation for:

The laboratory preparation of methane from sodium acetate.

Give chemical equation for:

The reaction of one mole of ethene with one mole chlorine gas.

Give chemical equation for:

The preparation of ethyne from 1,2 - dibromoethane.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following :

Preparation of ethane from sodium propionate

Distinguish between the given pair of compounds using the test given within bracket:

Ethane and ethene (using alkaline potassium permanganate solution).

The structures of six organic compounds are shown:

1. Identify two of the compounds that are members of the same homologous series but are not isomers.
2. Which two compounds are isomers of each other?
3. F can be prepared from D. Give a chemical equation for the reaction.

A compound X when treated with an organic acid Y (having vinegar-like smell) in the presence of the acid Z, forms a compound P which has a fruity smell.

1. Identify X, Y and Z
2. Write the structural formula of X and Y.
3. What type of compound is P?
4. Name the above reaction.
5. If compounds X and Y both have 2 carbon atoms. Write the reaction.

Draw the structural diagram of: 

Ethanoic acid

Draw the structural formula for the following:

But-2-yne

Give the structural formula for the following:

Methanoic acid

Draw the structural formula for the following compound:

Ethanal

Draw the structural formula of ethyne.

Draw the structural formula for the following compound:

Acetone

Give the structural formulae of the following:

2-methyl propane

Draw the structural formula for the following compound:

Isomer of n-butane

Draw the structural formula for the following compound:

2-propanol

Give the structural formula of ethanol.

Give the structural formula of the following:

1-propanal

Draw the structural formula for the following:

Ethanoic acid

Draw the structural diagram of 1, 2 dichloroethane.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the ethanoic acid to ethyl ethanoate.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following conversion:

Calcium carbide to ethyne.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following conversion:

Sodium ethanoate to methane.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following conversion:

Ethyl chloride to Ethyl alcohol.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following conversion:

Ethyl chloride to Ethene.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following conversion:

Ethene to Ethyl alcohol.

Give a balanced chemical equation for the following conversion:

Ethyl alcohol to Ethene.

Distinguish between ethane, ethene and ethyne on the basis of their structure.

Distinguish between ethane, ethene and ethyne on the basis of their chemical test.

An organic compound A is warmed with conc. H₂SO₄ to form B. On adding hydrogen to B in presence of a Nickel compound, C is formed. One mole of C on combustion forms two moles of carbon dioxide and three moles of water.

1. Identify A, B and C. 
2. Write the chemical equations for the reaction involved.

Compound A is bubbled through bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, and the product is CH₂Br – CH₂Br.
\[\ce{A ->[Br2/CCl4] CH2Br - CH2Br}\]

1. Draw the structural formula of A.
2. What type of reaction has A undergone?
3. What is your observation?
4. Name (not formula) the compound formed when steam reacts with A in the presence of phosphoric acid.
5. What is the procedure for converting the product of (iv) back to A?

When mangoes are kept in a basket, a small sachet containing a white crystalline powder is also kept which induces ripening.

1. Name the chemical powder in the sachet.
2. When this powder comes in contact with moisture, it releases a gas. Name the gas.
3. Give a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (b).

Molecular formula of an organic compound A is C₃H₈O. It has a functional group attached to the first carbon atom. This compound reacts with sodium at room temperature evolving hydrogen gas. Identify compound A and draw its structure. 

Equal volumes of methane and chlorine react together to form an organic compound. Draw the structure of this organic compound.

One mole of hydrocarbon X on combustion produces four moles of carbon dioxide and four moles of water.

1. Write the equation for the combustion reaction.
2. Draw the structure of X.