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पाठ्यक्रम

Tests for Acidic Hydrogen and Unsaturation

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Estimated time: 5 minutes
CBSE: Class 12

Key Points: Tests for Acidic Hydrogen and Unsaturation

  • Active H atoms = those attached to electronegative atoms like O, N, S, X, C(sp), and active methylene
  • Reaction: A–H + Na → ½H₂↑ + A⁻Na⁺
  • Examples that give H₂ gas: 
    \[ \begin{aligned} &\text{1. } \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Na}} \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{NH}^-\mathrm{Na}^+ + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}_2 \uparrow \\[1ex] &\text{2. } \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{COOH} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Na}} \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{COO}^-\mathrm{Na}^+ + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}_2 \uparrow \\[1ex] &\text{3. } \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{Na} \longrightarrow \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{O}^-\mathrm{Na}^+ + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}_2 \uparrow \\[1ex] &\text{4. } \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH} + \mathrm{Na} \longrightarrow \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}^-\mathrm{Na}^+ + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}_2 \uparrow \\[1ex] &\text{5. } \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{CH}_3 + \mathrm{Na} \longrightarrow \text{No reaction.} \end{aligned} \]
  • No reaction: R–CH₂–O–CH₃ (simple ethers — no acidic H)
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