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Alkanes

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Estimated time: 7 minutes
  • Definition: Alkanes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Alkanes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all the linkages between the carbon atoms are single covalent bonds.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Alkanes

  • General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (where n = number of carbon atoms)
  • Suffix used for IUPAC naming: –ane
  • e.g., Methane (CH₄), Ethane (C₂H₆), Propane (C₃H₈)
  • Alkanes exhibit chain isomerism due to absence of any functional group and the possibility of more than one chain type for the same molecular formula
  • e.g., C₅H₁₂ forms n-pentane, neo-pentane, and iso-pentane

Conformations in Alkanes:

Conformation = spatial arrangement of atoms that can be interconverted by rotation about a C–C single bond. Also called conformers or rotamers.

For ethane, two extreme conformations exist:

Conformation Description Energy Stability
Eclipsed Hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbons are as close as possible Maximum energy Highly unstable
Staggered Hydrogen atoms are as far apart as possible Minimum energy Highly stable
 
Skew conformation is an intermediate between eclipsed and staggered conformations. Both are represented by Sawhorse and Newman projections.

Sawhorse formula of ethane

 
Newmann projection formula ethane
 

Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [94]

Arrange the three isomers of alkane with malecular formula \[\ce{C5H12}\] in increasing order of boiling points and write their IUPAC names.

Choose the correct option.

The major product of chlorination of ethyl benzene is _______.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH2 - CH2 ->[(A)] CH ≡ CH}\\
|\phantom{.......}|\phantom{.................}\\
\ce{Br}\phantom{.....}\ce{Br}\phantom{.................}
\end{array}\], where A is,

The general formula for cyclo alkanes.

Arrange the three isomers of alkane with molecular formula C5 H12 in increasing order of boiling points and write their IUPAC names.

Choose the correct option.

1-Chloropropane on treatment with alc. KOH produces _______.

Arrange the three isomers of alkane with molecular formula C5 H12 in increasing order of boiling points and write their IUPAC names.

What is the action of following on ethyl iodide?

Zn, HCl

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