Purification of Organic Compounds

You have a mixture of three liquids A, B and C. There is a large difference in the boiling points of A and rest of the two liquids i.e., B and C. Boiling point of liquids B and C are quite close. Liquid A boils at a higher temperature than B and C and boiling point of B is lower than C. How will you separate the components of the mixture. Draw a diagram showing set up of the apparatus for the process.

Ortho and para – nitro phenol can be separated by ______.

A liquid which decomposes at its boiling point can be purified by ______.

The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam volatile organic compounds called essential oils. These are generally insoluble in water at room temperature but are miscible with water vapour in vapour phase. A suitable method for the extraction of these oils from the flowers is ______.

The purity of an organic compound is determined by ______.

If a liquid compound decomposes at its boiling point, which method (s) can you choose for its purification. It is known that the compound is stable at low pressure, steam volatile and insoluble in water.

Give a brief description of the principles of Fractional distillation.

Assertion: \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH - C = CH - COOH}\\|\phantom{.}\\
\phantom{........}\ce{COOC2H5}\end{array}\]

Reason: The principal functional group gets lowest number followed by double bond (or) triple bond.