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Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G

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Estimated time: 3 minutes
CBSE: Class 12

Key Points: Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G

  • ΔG determines spontaneity:
    ΔG < 0 → spontaneous (forward), ΔG > 0 → non-spontaneous, ΔG = 0 → equilibrium
  • Key relation:
    ΔG = ΔG + RT ln⁡ Q
  • Reaction quotient (Q):
    Compares the current state of reaction; calculated like K but for non-equilibrium conditions.
  • At equilibrium:
    Q = K and ΔG = 0 → no net change in system
  • Standard relation at equilibrium:
    ΔG = −RT ln ⁡K
  • Direction prediction using Q and K:
    Q < K → forward reaction (spontaneous)
    Q > K → backward reaction (reverse spontaneous)
  • K depends only on temperature, not on concentration or pressure; it indicates the extent of reaction.
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