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Maharashtra State BoardSSC (English Medium) 10th Standard

Physical Division of India

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CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Physical Division of India > The Northern Mountain Walls

  • The Himalayas are young fold mountains forming India’s Northern Mountain Wall, with three parallel ranges—Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik.
  • Himadri (Great Himalayas) is the highest and northernmost range, permanently snow-covered, with peaks like Mt. Everest, K2 and Kanchenjunga and major glaciers.
  • Himachal (Middle Himalayas) lies south of Himadri, has rich vegetation, important ranges (Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar) and most hill stations.
  • Shiwalik (Outer Himalayas) is the lowest and discontinuous range, with steep southern slopes, gentle northern slopes and average height of about 1000 m.
  • Special Himalayan features include Doons (valleys), Bhabhar (porous plains), Terai (marshy belt) and fertile Khadar and Bhangar alluvial soils.
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