Topics
Relations and Functions
Relations and Functions
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Algebra
Matrices
- Concept of Matrices
- Types of Matrices
- Equality of Matrices
- Operation on Matrices
- Multiplication of a Matrix by a Scalar
- Properties of Matrix Addition
- Properties of Matrix Multiplication
- Transpose of a Matrix
- Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices
- Invertible Matrices
- Overview of Matrices
- Negative of Matrix
- Operation on Matrices
- Proof of the Uniqueness of Inverse
- Elementary Transformations
Calculus
Vectors and Three-dimensional Geometry
Determinants
- Determinants of Matrix of Order One and Two
- Determinant of a Matrix of Order 3 × 3
- Minors and Co-factors
- Inverse of a Square Matrix by the Adjoint Method
- Applications of Determinants and Matrices
- Elementary Transformations
- Properties of Determinants
- Determinant of a Square Matrix
- Rule A=KB
- Overview of Determinants
- Geometric Interpretation of the Area of a Triangle
Linear Programming
Continuity and Differentiability
- Concept of Continuity
- Algebra of Continuous Functions
- Concept of Differentiability
- Derivatives of Composite Functions - Chain Rule
- Derivatives of Implicit Functions
- Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
- Logarithmic Differentiation
- Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms
- Second Order Derivative
- Derivative - Exponential and Log
- Proof Derivative X^n Sin Cos Tan
- Infinite Series
- Higher Order Derivative
- Continuous Function of Point
- Mean Value Theorem
- Overview of Continuity and Differentiability
Applications of Derivatives
- Introduction to Applications of Derivatives
- Rate of Change of Bodies or Quantities
- Increasing and Decreasing Functions
- Maxima and Minima
- Maximum and Minimum Values of a Function in a Closed Interval
- Simple Problems on Applications of Derivatives
- Graph of Maxima and Minima
- Approximations
- Tangents and Normals
- Overview of Applications of Derivatives
Probability
Sets
Integrals
- Introduction of Integrals
- Integration as an Inverse Process of Differentiation
- Some Properties of Indefinite Integral
- Methods of Integration: Integration by Substitution
- Integration Using Trigonometric Identities
- Integrals of Some Particular Functions
- Methods of Integration: Integration Using Partial Fractions
- Methods of Integration: Integration by Parts
- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
- Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution
- Properties of Definite Integrals
- Definite Integrals
- Indefinite Integral Problems
- Comparison Between Differentiation and Integration
- Geometrical Interpretation of Indefinite Integrals
- Indefinite Integral by Inspection
- Definite Integral as the Limit of a Sum
- Evaluation of Simple Integrals of the Following Types and Problems
- Overview of Integrals
Applications of the Integrals
Differential Equations
- Differential Equations
- Order and Degree of a Differential Equation
- General and Particular Solutions of a Differential Equation
- Linear Differential Equations
- Homogeneous Differential Equations
- Solutions of Linear Differential Equation
- Differential Equations with Variables Separable Method
- Formation of a Differential Equation Whose General Solution is Given
- Procedure to Form a Differential Equation that Will Represent a Given Family of Curves
- Overview of Differential Equations
Vectors
- Vector
- Basic Concepts of Vector Algebra
- Direction Cosines
- Vector Operations>Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
- Properties of Vector Addition
- Vector Operations>Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
- Components of Vector
- Vector Joining Two Points
- Section Formula
- Vector (Or Cross) Product of Two Vectors
- Scalar (Or Dot) Product of Two Vectors
- Projection of a Vector on a Line
- Geometrical Interpretation of Scalar
- Scalar Triple Product of Vectors
- Position Vector of a Point Dividing a Line Segment in a Given Ratio
- Magnitude and Direction of a Vector
- Vectors Examples and Solutions
- Introduction of Product of Two Vectors
- Overview of Vectors
Three - Dimensional Geometry
- Introduction of Three Dimensional Geometry
- Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of a Line
- Relation Between Direction Ratio and Direction Cosines
- Equation of a Line in Space
- Angle Between Two Lines
- Shortest Distance Between Two Lines
- Three - Dimensional Geometry Examples and Solutions
- Equation of a Plane Passing Through Three Non Collinear Points
- Forms of the Equation of a Straight Line
- Coplanarity of Two Lines
- Distance of a Point from a Plane
- Angle Between Line and a Plane
- Angle Between Two Planes
- Vector and Cartesian Equation of a Plane
- Equation of a Plane in Normal Form
- Equation of a Plane Perpendicular to a Given Vector and Passing Through a Given Point
- Distance of a Point from a Plane
- Plane Passing Through the Intersection of Two Given Planes
- Overview of Three Dimensional Geometry
Linear Programming
Probability
Estimated time: 23 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Symmetry
| Type of Symmetry | What to Replace | Condition | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| About y-axis | Replace (x) by (-x) | Equation unchanged | Symmetrical about the y-axis |
| About x-axis | Replace (y) by (-y) | Equation unchanged | Symmetrical about the x-axis |
| About origin | Replace (x) by (-x), (y) by (-y) | Equation unchanged | Symmetrical about the origin |
| About y = x | Interchange (x) and (y) | Equation unchanged | Symmetrical about the line y = x |
| About y = −x | Replace (x) by (-y), (y) by (-x) | Equation unchanged | Symmetrical about the line y = −x |
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Geometrical Interpretation of Definite Integral
The area bounded by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis and the ordinates. x = a, x=b is \[\int_a^bydx\].
Sign of Area:
| Condition | Result |
|---|---|
| Curve above the x-axis | Area is positive |
| Curve below the x-axis | Area is negative |
| Curve cuts the x-axis | Integral ≠ actual area |
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Area Under a Curve
-
If the curve is ,
\[\mathrm{Area}=\int_a^bf(x)dx\] -
If curve is x = g(y),
\[\mathrm{Area}=\int_c^dg(y)dy\] -
If the curve is on both sides → split + add
When to Use:
| Curve form | Formula |
|---|---|
| y = f(x) | \[\int ydx\] |
| x = f(y) | \[\int xdy\] |
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Formula: Area between Two Curves
\[\text{Area between two curves}=\int_a^b[\text{upper curve - lower curve}]dx\]
\[\text{Area between two curves}=\int_{a}^{b}y\mathrm{of}f(x)dx-\int_{a}^{b}y\mathrm{of}g(x)dx\]
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Formula: Modulus Functions
Break modulus into cases:
\[|x-a|=
\begin{cases}
x-a, & x\geq a \\
a-x, & x<a & &
\end{cases}\]
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Standard Curves
| Curve | Shape |
|---|---|
| \[y=\sqrt{a^2-x^2}\] | Upper semicircle |
| \[x^2+y^2=a^2\] | Circle |
| \[y^2=4ax\] | Right parabola |
| \[x^2=4ay\] | Upward parabola |
| y = sin x,cos x | Wave (sign changes!) |
