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Estimated time: 2 minutes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Graph for Time Series

Trend line by semi-averages

Trend line by semi-averages

Magazine subscribers, 1976–1983. Step through the five stages to fit a trend line graphically and read off the rate of increase.

Trend line for magazine subscribers fitted by the method of semi-averages Stepwise construction. Eight yearly subscriber counts from 1976 to 1983 are plotted, divided into two halves of four years each, the mean of each half is plotted at the middle year of that half, and a straight line is drawn through the two semi-average points to give the trend line. 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Year Subscribers (millions) First half Second half 12 11 19 17 19 18 20 23 14.75 20.00 Trend line

Step 1: Plot the data

Plot the 8 yearly subscriber counts on a Year vs Subscribers chart. The zigzag captures every year-to-year wobble — useful, but noisy. The publisher wants the underlying direction, not the noise.

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