Topics
Cell - The Structural and Functional Unit of Life
- Cell: Structural and Functional Unit of Life
- Organisms Show Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size
- Structure of the Cell > Plasma Membrane / Cell Membrane
- Structure of the Cell > Cell Wall: “Supporter and Protector”
- Structure of the Cell > Cytoplasm: “Area of Movement”
- Structure of the Cell > Nucleus: “Brain” of the Cell
- Cell Organelles
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Mitochondria - “Power House of the Cell”
- Golgi Apparatus - "The delivery system of the cell"
- Ribosomes - "The sites of protein synthesis"
- Lysosome - “Suicidal Bag”
- Centrosome and Centrioles
- Plastids
- Non-living Substances Or Cell Inclusion
- Plant Cell Vs Animal Cell
- Microscopic Examination of Onion Peel
Basic Biology
Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Chromatin
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Histone Proteins
- Genes and Genetic
- Need for New Cells
- Cell Cycle - "Divide, Grow and Redivide"
- Interphase
- Cell Division: an Essential Life Process
- Mitosis > Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus)
- Mitosis > Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus)
- Mitosis > Cytokinesis (Division of Cytoplasm)
- Significance of Mitosis
- Comparison of Mitosis in Plant and Animal Cells
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts in Cell Division
- Meiosis: Reduction Division
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis I
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis II
- Significance of Meiosis
- Mitosis Vs Meiosis
Plant Physiology
Genetics: Some Basic Fundamentals
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Genes and Genetic
- Inheritance in Humans
- Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
- Sex Determination
- Genes and their Alleles
- Genotype and Phenotype
- Inheritance of Human Traits and Their Genetic Basis
- Sex-Linked Inheritance in Human Beings
- Monohybrid Cross
- Applications and Beyond Mendel's Laws
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Population
Absorption by Roots: The Processes Involved
- Plant Physiology
- Concept of Absorption by the Roots
- Need of Water and Minerals for Plants
- Characteristics of Roots for Absorbing Water
- Absorption and Conduction of Water and Minerals
- Imbibition
- Diffusion
- Osmotic Pressure
- Active Transport
- Passive Transport
- Turgidity and Flaccidity (Plasmolysis)
- Uses of Turgidity to Plants
- Comparison of Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport
- Root Pressure
- Importance of Root Hairs and Upward Transport
- Experiments on Absorption and Conduction of Water in the Plants
- Forces Contributing to Ascent of Sap
Transpiration
- Demonstration of Transpiration
- Measurement of Transpiration > Weighing Method
- Measurement of Transpiration > Potometer Method
- Types of Transpiration > Stomatal Transpiration
- Types of Transpiration > Cuticular Transpiration
- Types of Transpiration > Lenticular Transpiration
- Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration
- Plant Adaptations to Reduce Transpiration
- Significance of Transpiration
- Guttation and Bleeding
- Traspiration Vs Bleeding
Human Evolution
Photosynthesis
- Concept of Photosynthesis
- Chlorophyll: The Vital Plant Pigment
- Regulation of Stomatal Opening for Carbon Dioxide Intake
- Opening and Closing of Stomata
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Light Reaction
- Light-Independent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Adaptations in Leaves to Perform Photosynthesis
- Products of Photosynthesis
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Experiments on Photosynthesis
- Significance of Photosynthesis
- Carbon Cycle
Pollution
Physical Health and Hygiene
Chemical Coordination in Plants
Health Organisations
- International Bodies: WHO (World Health Organisation)
- Common Health Problems in India
Aids to Health
- First Aid and Emergency Action
- Antiseptics and Disinfectants
- Antibiotics
The Circulatory System
- Need for Transport in the Body
- Fluids in Our Body
- Blood
- Functions of Blood
- Plasma (The Liquid Portion of Blood)
- Erythrocytes vs Leukocytes vs Thrombocytes – A Comparative Overview
- Blood Circulatory System
- Blood Vessels Entering and Leaving The Heart
- Valves of the Heart
- Circulation of Blood in the Heart (Functioning of Heart)
- Heart Beat
- Pacemaker
- Arteries Vs Veins
- Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation (Double Circulation)
- Hepatic Portal System
- The Pulse
- Tissue Fluid (Or Intercellular Fluid)
- The Spleen
The Excretory System
The Nervous System
- Human Nervous System
- Transmission and Generation of Nerve Impulse
- Synapse
- Kinds of Nerves
- Types of Neurons
- Major Division of the Nervous System
- Nerves
- The Human Brain
- Parts of the Brain > Cerebrum
- Parts of the Brain > Cerebellum
- Parts of the Brain > Medulla Oblongata
- Primary Regions of the Brain
- The Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Reflex Action
- Involuntary Actions Vs Voluntary Actions
- Types of Reflexes
- Pavlov's Experiment on a Dog
- Reflexes in Humans
- Nervous Pathways in Reflexes
- Reflex Arc
- Complex Reflex Action
Sense Organs
- Concept of Sense Organs
- Sensory Receptors
- Human Eye
- Structure of the Eyeball
- Yellow Spot and Blind Spot
- Rods Vs Cones
- Eye Donation
- Lens
- Light and Dark Adaptation
- Colour Vision
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Myopia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Hypermetropia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Presbyopia
- Eye Defect and Its Correction: Astigmatism
- Common Defects of the Eye
- Stereoscopic (Binocular) Vision
- Colour Blindness Assessment
- After-Images and Visual Illusions of Vision
- Human Ear
- Functions of the Ear
The Endocrine System
- Human Endocrine System
- Hormonal Control Vs Nervous Control
- Concept of Hormone
- General Properties of Hormones
- Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
- Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Thyroid Gland
- Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis Gland
- Control of Hormonal Secretions
- Summary of Hormones and Their Actions
The Reproductive System
Population: The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
- Rising Population - A Global Threat
- World Population Through the Ages
- Rapid Rise in Population
- Population Explosion- A Serious Global Concern
- Simplified Model Of Population Growth
- Concept of Population in India
- Factors Responsible For The Population Explosion In India
- Rising Population - Pressure on Natural Resources
- Population Growth And Urbanisation: Pressure On Resources
- Need To Reduce Population Growth Rate
- Need For Adopting Control Measures
- Population Education And Population Control
Human Evolution
- Evolution
- Theories of Biological Evolution
- Vestigial Organs
- Lamarck's Theory Vs Darwin's Theory
- Human Ancestors
- Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Modern Man)
Pollution: A Rising Environmental Problem
- Waste
- Pollution
- Soil Pollution
- Sources of Soil Pollution
- Radiation
- Noise Pollution
- Sources of Noise Pollution
- Acid Rain
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Effects on Human Health
- Control of Pollution
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Movement)
- Plastic Pollution
- Dialysis
- Definition: Dialysis
- Definition: Artificial Kidney
- Types of Dialysis
Maharashtra State Board: Class 9
Dialysis
The kidneys may stop working efficiently due to injury, infection, or a decrease in blood supply. When this happens, toxic substances build up in the body, which can be life-threatening. If the kidneys fail, a process called dialysis is used to remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood with the help of a man-made machine. In dialysis:
- About 500 ml of blood is taken out of the body at a time and passed through the machine.
- The machine filters and removes the harmful waste substances. The purified blood is then returned to the patient’s body.
Dialysis of blood
CISCE: Class 10
Definition: Dialysis
Dialysis is a medical process in which nitrogenous wastes and toxic substances are removed from the blood using an artificial machine when the kidneys fail to function properly.
CISCE: Class 10
Definition: Artificial Kidney
An artificial kidney is a dialysis machine that removes urea and excess salts from the blood when both kidneys fail, and returns the purified blood back into the body.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 9
Types of Dialysis:
1. Hemodialysis
In haemodialysis, blood is passed through a filter known as a dialyser, which is located outside the body. The dialyzer is often referred to as an "artificial kidney." The blood is removed from the body, cleaned in the machine, and returned to the body. This process is usually done in a hospital or dialysis centre and takes about 3-4 hours, typically a few times a week.
2. Peritoneal Dialysis
In peritoneal dialysis, the inside lining of your abdomen (called the peritoneum) acts as a natural filter. A special fluid is placed in the abdomen through a tube. This fluid helps draw out waste from the blood. After a few hours, the fluid is drained and replaced with fresh fluid. This type can be done at home, often while sleeping.
