Topics
Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Chemical Reactions in Daily Life
- Chemical Equations
- Balancing Chemical Equation
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Combination Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Decomposition Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Single Displacement Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Double Displacement Reaction
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Oxidation
- The Effects of Oxidation Reactions in Everyday Life
Acids, Bases and Salts
- Acids and Bases in Daily Life
- Acids and Bases in the Laboratory
- Acids and Bases React with Metals
- Reaction of Metal Carbonates with Acids
- Acids and Bases Reaction with each other
- Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
- Reaction of a Non-metallic Oxide with Base
- Common Properties of Acids and Bases
- The pH Scale
- Importance of pH in Everyday Life
- Salts > Family of Salts
- Salts > pH of Salts
- Salts > Chemicals from Common Salt
- Salts > Water in Salt Crystals
Metals and Non-metals
Carbon and its Compounds
- Importance of Carbon
- The Covalent Bond
- Allotropes of Carbon > Diamond
- Allotropes of Carbon > Graphite
- Allotropes of Carbon > Fullerene
- Carbon: A Versatile Element
- Organic Compounds
- Classification of Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds: Chains, Branches, Rings
- Homologous Series
- Nomenclature
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Combustion
- Ethanol
- Ethanoic Acid
- Soaps and Detergents
Life Processes
- Life Processes in Living Organisms
- Nutrition
- Autotrophic Nutrition
- Heterotrophic Nutrition
- Nutrition in Human Beings
- Dental Caries
- Cellular Respiration
- Human Respiratory System
- Production of ATP
- Blood Circulatory System
- Human Heart
- Blood Vessels Entering and Leaving The Heart
- Valves of the Heart
- Blood Pressure (B.P.)
- Blood Vessels
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Tissue Fluid (Or Intercellular Fluid)
- Lymph and Lymphatic System
- Transportation in Plants
- Transportation of Water
- Transportation of Food and Other Substances
- Excretion
- Excretion in Human Beings
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Structure of a Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Excretion in Plants
- Organ and Body Donation
Control and Co-ordination
- Human Nervous System
- Neuron (Or Nerve Cell)
- Synapse
- Nerves
- Reflex Action
- Reflex Arc
- The Human Brain
- The Spinal Cord
- Mechanism of Muscle Action Under Nervous Control
- Coordination and Response to Stimuli in Plants
- Tropic Movements in Plants
- Phototropism
- Geotropism
- Hydrotropism
- Thigmotropism
- Chemotropism
- Hormonal Regulation in Animals
How do Organisms Reproduce?
Heredity
Light – Reflection and Refraction
- Light and Its Straight-Line Propagation
- Reflection of Light
- Spherical Mirrors
- Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors
- Representation of Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by a Convex Mirror
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Ray Optics - Mirror Formula
- Refraction of Light
- Refraction through a Rectangular Glass Slab
- The Refractive Index
- Refraction by Spherical Lenses
- Image Formation by Lenses
- Image Formation in Lenses Using Ray Diagrams
- Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses
- Lens Formula
- Power of a Lens
The Human Eye and the Colourful World
- The Human Eye
- Defects of Vision and Their Correction
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Myopia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Hypermetropia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Presbyopia
- Refraction of Light Through a Prism
- Dispersion of Light
- Atmosphere Refraction
- Scattering of Light
Electricity
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
- Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field due to a Finite Straight Current-Carrying Wire
- Magnetic Field Due to a Current-Carrying Conductor
- Right-hand Thumb Rule
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field at the Centre of a Circular Loop
- Applications of Ampere’s Circuital Law > Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Solenoid
- Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
- Magnetism in Medicine
- Domestic Electric Circuits
Our Environment
- Definition: Reproduction
- Definition: Variation
- Key Points: DNA Copying and Variation in Reproduction
CBSE: Class 10
Definition: Reproduction
The biological process by which organisms produce new individuals of their own kind is called reproduction.
CBSE: Class 10
Definition: Variation
The differences in the DNA copies produced during reproduction, which lead to slight or significant changes between organisms, are called variations.
CBSE: Class 10
Key Points: DNA Copying and Variation in Reproduction
- Reproduction is the process through which organisms produce new individuals that look similar to themselves.
- The DNA in the nucleus carries instructions for body design and is copied during reproduction.
- DNA copying is not always perfect, and small changes (variations) may occur.
- These variations make offspring slightly different from parents and are important for evolution.
- Variations help species survive in changing environments and ensure the stability of populations over time.
