Nootan solutions for Biology [English] Class 12 ISC chapter 14 - Biotechnology and Its Applications [Latest edition]

What is the benefit of using a retrovirus as a vector in gene therapy?

______ is the transfer of normal genes into body cells to correct a genetic defect.

Recombinant DNA technology has many medical applications. Which of the following has not yet been attempted or achieved?

When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product-as in the case of insulin-the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. Therefore:

What is not useful as a possible DNA probe?

What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering?

For ‘DNA fingerprinting’ to associate a blood sample with the criminal, what is minimally required?

Which is not one of the major categories of biotechnology products?

Plants are expected to be genetically engineered to have ______.

To carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one must have the catalytic DNA polymerase and ______.

Which best describes a transgenic organism?

Which of the following methods of transferring DNA is useful in bacteria and plants, but not in animals?

A human product that is being made in genetically engineered microorganisms includes ______.

Which is not one of the new uses of biotechnology?

Gene therapy in humans involves all except ______.

The molecule needed to allow a cell to transfer genetic information from RNA to DNA is ______.

Cloning of animals has been possible due to advances in ______.

Shotgun method is used for ______.

C-peptide of human insulin is ______.

The site of production of ADA in the body is ______.

Silencing of a gene could be achieved through the use of ______.

Which of the following enzymes catalyse the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA?

Which of the following is not a source of restriction endonuclease?

Which of the following is obtained from genetic engineering?

If other one or more genes are introduced in any plant, the plant will be called ______.

Which of the following takes part in the production of Bt crops?

Bt cotton has an insecticidal property which is a type of ______.

Genes found in plants and animals that are of actual or potential value to people are known as ______.

One of the classical example of biopatent controversy is ______.

The two main vectors used in genetic engineering to carry genes into bacteria are ______ and ______.

The science of improving physical and mental qualities of humans, through control of the factors influencing heredity, is called ______.

Transgenic pigs with faster growth rate were produced by the introduction of a transgene consisting of mouse metallothionein as a ______ and human growth hormone as a ______.

A ______ is a foreign gene artificially transferred into an organism.

a-1 antitrypsin is used to treat ______.

The trigger for activation of toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is ______ of gut.

In RNAi genes are silenced using ______.

______ is a legal property offered by the state to an invertor or to his assignee giving exclusive rights to make, use, exercise and vond the invention for a limited period.

______ is the general term for the legal rights protecting innovation.

______ is the exploration of wild plants and animals for commercially valuable genetic and biochemical resources.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

A sheep ‘Dolly’ was the first animal cloned from a cell taken from the udder of an adult transgenic sheep.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Transgene is a foreign gene artificially transferred into an organism.

Name two benefits that can be derived by genetically modified potato in the future.

Name two drugs manufactured via recombinant microorganisms.

What technique is used to identify a specific mRNA from the total RNA isolated from a tissue?

Which human gene has been introduced into the farm animals in order to modify milk?

What type of cells were used in cloning ‘Dolly’ sheep?

Name one genetically modified food and the genetic modification done in it.

State the best-known contribution of Alec Jeffrey.

What is a ‘Vaccine’?

What do you understand by gene therapy?

Would the insulin isolated from other animals be just as effective as that secreted by the human body itself?

Why are the plants raised through micropropagation are termed as somaclones?

State the role of C-peptide in human insulin.

Describe the responsibility of GEAC, set up by the Indian Government.

Mention two objectives of setting up GEAC by our Government.

What is the function of GEAC?

Name the cry-genes that control bollworms respectively.

Name the cry-genes that control corn-borer respectively.

Name the insect pest that is killed by the product of cry I Ac gene.

What are transgenic animals?

Give an example of transgenic animals.

Give any two microbes that are useful in biotechnology.

Name a recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in vaccination programme.

What are cry genes?

In which organism are cry genes present?

Name the specific type of gene that is incorporated in a cotton plant to protect the plant against cotton bollworm infestation.

What is biodiversity prospecting?

What are genetic resources?

Name the Indian variety of rice patented by American company.

A multinational company outside tried to sell new varieties of turmeric without proper patent rights. What is such an act referred to?

What is biopiracy?

Define the term ‘Biopatent’.

What are the three main steps involved in the construction of a transgene?

How is the ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato (the genetically modified tomato) different from the regular tomato and why?

Could genetic engineering be the wave of the future?

What are the concerns of the consumers of using genetically modified foods?

What are the benefits of genetically modified foods?

In your opinion, do the benefits of genetically modified foods overweigh the actual risks?

What do you understand by the term ‘biopatent’?

Why biopatent is necessary?

What is biopiracy?

What measures should be adopted to curb biopiracy?

Write a short note on Biopiracy highlighting the exploitation of developing countries by the developed countries.

Give any two reasons why the patent on Basmati should not have gone to an American Company.

Explain how insulin can be produced using recombinant DNA technology.

Give the importance/significance of transgenic animals.

Explain gene therapy, with reference to the treatment of SCID.

Why recombinant DNA technology is more useful than traditional hybridization procedures?

Explain the significance of satellite DNA in DNA fingerprinting technique.

How did an American Company, Eli Lilly use the knowledge of r-DNA technology to produce human insulin?

How does RNA interference help in developing resistance in tobacco plant against nematode infection?

How have transgenic animals proved to be beneficial in production of biological products?

How have transgenic animals proved to be beneficial in chemical safety testing?

Why is Agrobacterium tumefaciens a good cloning vector? Explain.

How is DNA-recombinant technology helping in detecting the presence of mutated genes in cancer patients?

Name the source organism of taq polymerase. What is the specific role of this enzyme in PCR?

Name the technique to obtain multiple copies of a DNA segment of interest, synthesized in vitro. Name two sets of primers that are necessary for reaction to occur. Mention three diagnostic application of this technique.

DNA being hydrophilic cannot pass through the cell membranes of a host cell. Explain how does recombinant DNA get introduced into the host cell to transform the latter.

List any two molecular diagnostic techniques and write one application of each of them.

Why do lepidopterans die when they feed on Bt cotton plant? Explain how does it happen.

Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because ______.

What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the production of genetically modified crops.

What are cry-proteins?

Name an organism that produces cry proteins.

How has man exploited cry proteins to his benefit?

What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli?

Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and the chemistry of oil?

What is golden rice?

Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?

In a hospital, two babies one boy and the other girl are borne simultaneously and somehow got exchanged. Both the women claimed to be the mother of baby boy and ultimately the matter went to the court. The judge asked to conduct certain tests to settle the issue of the paternity. Answer the following:

1. Name the test that the judge ordered to conduct.
2. How is it helpful in deciding paternity issues?

You have created a recombinant DNA molecule by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By mistake, your classmate adds exonuclease enzyme to the tube containing the recombinant DNA. How will your experiment get affected as you plan to go for transformation now?

Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed a recombinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?

A child in your colony is suffering from ADA deficiency. The doctor has advised two methods to correct this genetic defect. Gene therapy is an attempt to correct this genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual. By this the normal function can be restored. Alternatively, enzyme replacement therapy can also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option?

Differentiate between gene cloning and cell cloning.

Differentiate between somaclones and somatic hybrids.