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Question
How did an American Company, Eli Lilly use the knowledge of r-DNA technology to produce human insulin?
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Solution
The structure of insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains chain A and chain B, linked together by disulphide bridges. In mammals, including human beings, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone, which contains an extra stretch called the C peptide, which is removed during maturation into insulin. The rDNA technique is used for assembling insulin into the mature form.
In 1983, Eli Lilly, an American company, prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to the A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them into the plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.
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