Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Write any two biochemical/molecular diagonostic procedures for early detection of viral infection. Explain the principle of any one of them.
Advertisements
Solution
(i) Presence of a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is normally suspected only when the pathogen has produced a disease symptom. By this time the concentration of pathogen is already very high in the body. However, very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR.
(ii) PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. It is being used to detect
mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful techqnique to identify many other genetic disorders.
(iii) A single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene.
(iv) ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?
Give a schematic representation of the transformation of a pro-insulin into insulin.
The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of ________.
Mention the number of primers required in each cycle of PCR. Write the role of primers and DNA polymerase in PCR. Name the source organism of the DNA polymerase used in PCR.
If a person thinks he is infected with HIV, due to unprotected sex, and goes for a blood test. Do you think a test such as ELISA will help? If so why? If not, why?
A pathophysiology is the ______.
Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
Now a days it is possible to detect the mutated gene causing cancer by allowing a radioactive probe to hybridize its complimentary DNA in a clone of cells, followed by its detection using autoradiography because ______
Discuss briefly how a probe is used in molecular diagnostics.
The diagram given below represents the schematic structure of proinsulin, which undergoes certain modifications before it becomes a fully functional insulin.
Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow:
- State the change the proinsulin undergoes to become fully functional.
- Name the modern scientific technique used for the production of human insulin.
- How are the two polypeptide chains of the fully functional insulin held together?
