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प्रश्न
Write any two biochemical/molecular diagonostic procedures for early detection of viral infection. Explain the principle of any one of them.
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उत्तर
(i) Presence of a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is normally suspected only when the pathogen has produced a disease symptom. By this time the concentration of pathogen is already very high in the body. However, very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR.
(ii) PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. It is being used to detect
mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful techqnique to identify many other genetic disorders.
(iii) A single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene.
(iv) ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How did an American Company, Eli Lilly use the knowledge of r-DNA technology to produce human insulin?
Expand the Given and mention one application of each:
PCR
ELISA technique is based on the principles of antigen-antibody interaction. Can this technique be used in the molecular diagnosis of a genetic disorder, such as phenylketonuria?
With regard to insulin choose the correct options.
- C-peptide is not present in mature insulin.
- The insulin produced by rDNA technology has C-peptide.
- The pro-insulin has C-peptide.
- A-peptide and B-peptide of insulin are interconnected by disulphide bridges.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
A cell-free method of amplifying DNA first developed in the mid 1980's revolutionised the field of biotechnology, Name the method and explain the basic steps of the technique involved.
- Assertion: PCR is a powerful technique to identify genetic disorders.
- Reason: PCR can detect mutations in low amounts of DNA.
Give a reason for the following:
Streptokinase is administered to the patients having myocardial infarction.
How many cycles of PCR are required to produce 250 molecules of DNA, starting with a single parental strand?
Name the technique used to detect the presence of HIV in the body of an individual, Justify the principle associated with this technique.
Which of the following describes the final step in the laboratory synthesis of biologically active humulin from isolated chains?
