Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?
Advertisements
Solution 1
Orally active protein pharmaceuticals contain biologically active materials such as peptides or proteins, antibodies, and polymeric beads. The body administers it orally through various formulations. It involves encapsulating protein or peptide in liposomes or formulations using penetration enhancers. People use these proteins or peptides as vaccines and for the treatment of various diseases. However, the oral administration of these peptides or proteins presents several related challenges. Once ingested, the stomach juices’ proteases denature these proteins. This will nullify their effect. Therefore, it is essential to protect the therapeutic protein from digestive enzymes when it is taken orally. We inject the proteins directly into the target site to meet this requirement.
Solution 2
Proteinaceous drugs cannot be taken orally because they can be degraded by the proteases of our alimentary canal. To counteract this problem or to make an orally active protein pharmaceutical, it must be coated with a film that is resistant to protein-degrading enzymes.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Expand the Given and mention one application of each:
PCR
Recombination DNA−technology is of great importance in the field of medicine. With the help of a flow chart, show how this technology has been used in preparing genetically engineered human insulins.
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Explain how insulin can be produced using recombinant DNA technology.
State the best-known contribution of P.K. Sethi
Describe the role of bacterium Thermus aquaticus in carrying the process of polymerase chain reaction.
PCR proceeds in three distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ____________.
What is genetically engineered Insulin?
How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered?
Human insulin is being commercially produced forma transgenic species of ______.
C-peptide of human insulin is ______.
A probe which is a molecule used to locale-specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA Mole cubs could be ______.
A pathophysiology is the ______.
Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
The Adenosine deaminase deficiency results in ______.
Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle involved.
What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? Give two examples.
Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?
How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its prohormone form?
When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?
A cell-free method of amplifying DNA first developed in the mid 1980's revolutionised the field of biotechnology, Name the method and explain the basic steps of the technique involved.
A host cell must be made competent, before it is able to receive an rDNA. Justify.
Eli Lilly's contribution for diabetic patients through r-DNA technology has been overwhelmingly accepted. Explain how?
- Assertion: PCR is a powerful technique to identify genetic disorders.
- Reason: PCR can detect mutations in low amounts of DNA.
How many cycles of PCR are required to produce 250 molecules of DNA, starting with a single parental strand?
Atherosclerosis can be treated with recombinant protein called ______
