Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Physics Syllabus - Free PDF Download
Maharashtra State Board Syllabus 2026-27 12th Standard Board Exam: The Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Physics Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the MSBSHSE, Maharashtra State Board. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Physics Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Maharashtra State Board syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Physics Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Physics Revised Syllabus
Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Physics Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
Advertisements
Advertisements
Advertisements
Syllabus
1 Rotational Dynamics [Revision]
- Rotational Dynamics
- Introduction
- Circular Motion and Its Characteristics
- Applications of Uniform Circular Motion
- Vertical Circular Motion
- Point Mass Undergoing Vertical Circular Motion Under Gravity
- Case I: Mass tied to a string
- Case II: Mass tied to a rod
- Sphere of Death
- Vehicle at the Top of a Convex OverBridge
- Moment of Inertia as an Analogous Quantity for Mass
- Moment of Inertia of a Uniform Ring
- Moment of Inertia of a Uniform Disc
- Radius of Gyration
- Theorems of Perpendicular and Parallel Axes
- Angular Momentum or Moment of Linear Momentum
- Expression for Angular Momentum in Terms of Moment of Inertia
- Expression for Torque in Terms of Moment of Inertia
- Conservation of Angular Momentum
- Rolling Motion
- Overview: Rotational Dynamics
1 Circular Motion [Revision]
- Angular Displacement
- Angular Velocity
- Angular Acceleration
- Angular Velocity and Its Relation with Linear Velocity
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Definition: Uniform Circular Motion
- Radial Acceleration
- Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion - Centripetal Force
- Centrifugal Forces
- Definition: Centrifugal Force
- Definition: Fictitious Force
- Key Points: Centrifugal Force
- Banking of Roads
- Vertical Circular Motion Due to Earth’s Gravitation
- Equation for Velocity and Energy at Different Positions of Vertical Circular Motion
- Kinematical Equations for Circular Motion in Analogy with Linear Motion.
2 Mechanical Properties of Fluids [Revision]
- Fluid and Its Properties
- Thrust and Pressure
- Pressure of liquid
- Introduction
- Experiment 1
- Experiment 2
- Pressure Exerted by a Liquid Column
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Gauge Pressure and Absolute Pressure
- Hydrostatic Paradox
- Pascal’s Law
- Application of Pascal’s Law
- Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure
- Mercury Barometer (Simple Barometer)
- Open Tube Manometer
- Surface Tension
- Molecular Theory of Surface Tension
- Surface Tension and Surface Energy
- Angle of Contact
- Effect of Impurity and Temperature on Surface Tension
- Excess Pressure Across the Free Surface of a Liquid
- Explanation of Formation of Drops and Bubbles
- Capillarity and Capillary Action
- Capillary action
- Ascent formula
- Capillary fall
- Capillary rise
- Expression for capillary rise or fall
- Method (I): Using pressure difference
- Method (II): Using forces
- Fluids in Motion
- Critical Velocity and Reynolds Number
- Viscous Force or Viscosity
- Stokes’ Law
- Terminal Velocity
- Continuous and Discontinuous Functions
- Bernoulli's Equation
- Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
- Overview: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
2 Gravitation [Revision]
- Newton’s Law of Gravitation
- Periodic Time
- Kepler’s Laws
- Introduction
- History/Origin
- Formula: Kepler's Law
- Characteristics
- Significance
- Real-Life Examples
- Drawing an Ellipse
- Binding Energy and Escape Velocity of a Satellite
- Weightlessness
- Variation of ‘G’ Due to Lattitude and Motion
- Variation in the Acceleration>Variation in Gravity with Altitude
- Introduction
- Formula: Gravity with Altitude
- Characteristics
- Derivation
- Example
- Real-Life Examples
- Communication satellite and its uses
- Composition of Two S.H.M.’S Having Same Period and Along Same Line
3 Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation [Revision]
- Gases and Its Characteristics
- Classification of Gases: Real Gases and Ideal Gases
- Mean Free Path
- Expression for Pressure Exerted by a Gas
- The pressure exerted by the molecules depends on:
(i) Number density
(ii) Mass of the molecule
(iii) Mean square speed
- The pressure exerted by the molecules depends on:
- Root Mean Square (RMS) Speed
- Interpretation of Temperature in Kinetic Theory
- Law of Equipartition of Energy
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Definition: Specific Heat Capacity
- Formula: Specific Heat Capacity
- Key Points: Specific Heat Capacity
- Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission of Heat Radiation
- Interaction of Thermal Radiation and Matter
- Perfect Blackbody
- Emission of Heat Radiation
- Coefficient of Emission or Emissivity
- Kirchhoff’s Law of Heat Radiation and Its Theoretical Proof
- Spectral Distribution of Blackbody Radiation
- Wien's Displacement Law
- Stefan-boltzmann Law of Radiation
- Overview: Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation
3 Angular Momentum [Revision]
- Definition of M.I., K.E. of Rotating Body
- Rolling Motion
- Physical Significance of M.I (Moment of Inertia)
- Torque and Angular Momentum
- Moment of a Force (Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body)
- Angular Momentum and Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum and Its Applications
- Moment of force (Torque)
- Angular momentum of a particle
- Torque and angular momentum for a system of particles
- conservation of angular momentum
- Theorems of Perpendicular and Parallel Axes
- M.I. of Some Regular Shaped Bodies About Specific Axes
4 Thermodynamics [Revision]
- Thermodynamics
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Measurement of Temperature
- Definition: Adiabatic Wall
- Definition: Diathermic Wall
- Definition: Thermal Equilibrium
- Definition: Thermometry
- Law: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- Temperature Scales
- Conversion Formulas
- Thermometers Use the Zeroth Law
- Thermometric Property
- Types of Thermometers
- Characteristics of a Good Thermometer
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Summary
- Heat, Internal Energy and Work
- Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetic
- Thermodynamic State Variables and Equation of State
- Thermodynamic Process
- Heat Engine
- Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
- Spontaneity
- Carnot Cycle and Carnot Engine
- Significance of Reversibility in Thermodynamics
- Maximum Efficiency of a Heat Engine and Carnot’s Cycle
- Carnot Refrigerator
- The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Carnot Cycle
- Overview: Thermodynamics
4 Oscillations [Revision]
- Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
- Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.)
- Differential Equation of Linear S.H.M.
- Projection of U.C.M.(Uniform Circular Motion) on Any Diameter
- Phase of K.E (Kinetic Energy)
- K.E.(Kinetic Energy) and P.E.(Potential Energy) in S.H.M.
- Composition of Two S.H.M.’S Having Same Period and Along Same Line
- Some Systems Executing Simple Harmonic Motion
5 Oscillations [Revision]
- Oscillations
- Explanation of Periodic Motion
- Linear Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.)
- Differential Equation of Linear S.H.M.
- Acceleration (a), Velocity (v) and Displacement (x) of S.H.M.
- Amplitude (A), Period (T) and Frequency (N) of S.H.M.
- Reference Circle Method
- Phase in S.H.M.
- Graphical Representation of S.H.M.
- Composition of Two S.H.M.’S Having Same Period and Along Same Line
- The Energy of a Particle Performing S.H.M.
- Simple Pendulum
- Angular S.H.M. and It's Differential Equation
- Damped Oscillations
- Free Oscillations, Forced Oscillations and Resonance Oscillations
- Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
- Overview: Oscillations
5 Elasticity [Revision]
- Eneral Explanation of Elastic Property
- Stress and Strain
- Introduction
- Definition: Stress
- Definition: Strain
- Formula: Stress
- Formula: Strain
- Understanding Elasticity
- Hooke’s Law
- Introduction
- Origin
- Definition: Modulus of Elasticity
- Understanding Hooke's Law
- Significance
- Elastic Energy
- Elastic Constants and Their Relation
- Determination of ‘Y’
- Behaviour of Metal Wire Under Increasing Load
- Application of Elastic Behaviour of Materials
6 Surface Tension [Revision]
- Molecular Theory of Surface Tension
- Surface Tension
- Capillarity and Capillary Action
- Capillary action
- Ascent formula
- Capillary fall
- Capillary rise
- Expression for capillary rise or fall
- Method (I): Using pressure difference
- Method (II): Using forces
- Effect of Impurity and Temperature on Surface Tension
6 Superposition of Waves [Revision]
- Superposition of Waves
- Progressive Waves
- Reflection of Waves
- Stationary Waves
- Free and Forced Vibrations
- Harmonics and Overtones
- Sonometer
- Beats
- Characteristics of Sound
- Musical Instruments
- The Speed of a Travelling Wave
- Speed of Wave Motion
- Terms involved in wave motion
- Velocity of transverse wave on string
- Velocity of longitudinal wave (Sound wave)
- Factors affecting velocity of sound in gaseous medium
1) Effect of pressure at constant temperature
2) Effect of temperature
3) Effect of density
4) Effect of humidity
- Study of Vibrations of Air Columns
- Overview: Superposition of Waves
7 Wave Motion [Revision]
- Wave Motion Introduction
- Simple Harmonic Progressive Waves,
- Reflection of Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- Change of Phase
- Principle of Superposition of Waves
- Formation of Beats
- Beats
- Conditions for beat formation
- Theory of beats
- Applications of beats
i) To determine the frequency of tuning fork
ii) To tune musical instruments
iii) To detect harmful gases in a mine
- Beats
7 Wave Optics [Revision]
- Concept of Wave Optics
- Nature of Light
- Light as a Wave
- Huygens’ Theory
- Reflection of Light at a Plane Surface
- Refraction of Light at a Plane Boundary Between Two Media
- Polarisation of Light
- Interference
- Diffraction of Light
- Resolving Power
- Overview: Wave Optics
8 Electrostatics [Revision]
- Concept of Electrostatics
- Application of Gauss' Law
- Electric Potential and Potential Difference
- Introduction
- Definition: Potential Difference
- Formula: Potential Difference
- Example
- Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge
- Derivation
- Equipotential Surfaces
- Definition: Equipotential Surfaces
- Formula Derivation and Analysis
- Formula: Equipotential Surfaces
- Important Properties of Equipotential Surfaces
- Electrical Energy of Two Point Charges and of a Dipole in an Electrostatic Field
- Potential energy of a system of 2 point charges
- Potential energy for a system of N point charges
- Potential energy of a single charge in an external field
- Potential energy of a system of two charges in an external field
- Potential energy of a dipole in an external field
- Free Charges and Bound Charges Inside a Conductor
- Introduction
- Definition: Good Conductors
- Definition: Bad Conductors
- Definition: Bound Charge
- Explanation
- Combination of Capacitors
- Displacement Current
- Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor
- Van De Graaff Generator
- Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet and Uniformly Charged Thin Spherical Shell (Field Inside and Outside)
- Overview: Electrostatics
8 Stationary Waves [Revision]
- Study of Vibrations in a Finite Medium
- Formation of Stationary Waves on String
- Study of Vibrations of Air Columns
- Free and Forced Vibrations
- Forced Oscillations and Resonance
9 Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation [Revision]
- Concept of an Ideal Gas
- Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of Gases
- Derivation for Pressure of a Gas
- Degrees of Freedom
- Derivation of Boyle’s Law
statement, mathematical form, simple calculations
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetic
- Heat Engine
- Temperature and Heat
- Introduction
- Definition: Heat
- Definition: Temperature
- Formula: Average Kinetic Energy and Temperature
- Formula: Heat Exchange
- Characteristics
- How Heat Affects Matter
- Significance
- Real-Life Examples
- Summary
- Qualitative Ideas of Black Body Radiation
- Perfectly black body
- Ferry's black body
- Spectrum of black body radiation in terms of wavelength
- Wien's Displacement Law
- Green House Effect
- Stefan's Law
- Stefan's (Stefan - Boltzmann) law
- Maxwell Distribution
- Specific Heat Capacities - Gases
- Law of Equipartition of Energy
9 Current Electricity [Revision]
- Current Electricity
- Kirchhoff’s Laws of Electrical Network
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Introduction
- Definition: Wheatstone’s Bridge
- Derivation
- Galvanometer
- Definition: Galvanometer
- Moving Coil Galvanometer
- Overview: Current Electricity
10 Magnetic Fields Due to Electric Current [Revision]
- Magnetic Fields Due to Electric Current
- Magnetic force
- Introduction
- Experiment
- Cyclotron
- Description
- Construction
- Theory and Working
- Achievement of Resonance Condition
- Limitations
- Kinetic Energy of Particles Accelerated in a Cyclotron
- Helical Motion
- Magnetic Force on a Wire Carrying a Current
- Force on a Closed Circuit in a Magnetic Field
- Torque on a Current-Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- Magnetic Dipole Moment
- Magnetic Potential Energy of a Dipole
- Biot-Savart Law
- Force of Attraction Between Two Long Parallel Wires
- Magnetic Field Produced by a Current in a Circular Arc of a Wire
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current-Carrying Loop
- Magnetic Lines for a Current Loop
- Ampere’s Circuital Law
- Applications of Ampere’s Circuital Law > Magnetic Field of a Toroidal Solenoid
- Overview: Magnetic Fields Due to Electric Current
10 Wave Theory of Light [Revision]
11 Interference and Diffraction [Revision]
- Interference of Light
- Interference of light
- Condition for constructive interference
- Condition for destructive interference
- Interference fringe
- Interference due to thin film
- Interference in thin parallel plate film
- Interference in thin parallel plate film due to reflected light
- Interference in thin parallel plate film due to transmitted light
- Interference in thin wedge-shaped film
- Colours in thin film
- Conditions for Producing Steady Interference Pattern
- Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
- Analytical Treatment of Interference Bands
- Measurement of Wavelength by Biprism Experiment
- Fraunhofer Diffraction Due to a Single Slit
- Rayleigh’s Criterion
- Resolving Power of a Microscope and Telescope
- Difference Between Interference and Diffraction
11 Magnetic Materials [Revision]
- Magnetic Materials
- Selection of Magnetic Materials
- Torque Acting on a Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- Location of Magnetic poles of a Current Carrying Loop
- Origin of Magnetism in Materials
- Magnetic Moment of an Electron Revolving Around the Nucleus of an Atom
- Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
- Magnetic Properties of Materials
- Classification of Magnetic Materials
- Classification of Magnetic Materials:
- Diamagnetic
- Paramagnetic
- Ferromagnetic
- Ferrimagnetic
- Antiferromagnetic
- Piezoelectricity
- Pyroelectricity
- Hysteresis: Retentivity and Coercivity
- Permanent Magnet
- Magnetic Shielding
- Overview: Magnetic Materials
12 Electromagnetic Induction [Revision]
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Definition: Electromagnetic Induction
- Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Definition: Faraday's Law of Induction
- Law: Faraday's First Law or Neumann's Law
- Law: Faraday's Second Law or Lenz's Law
- Lenz's Law
- Flux of the Field
- Motional Electromotive Force (e.m.f.)
- Induced Emf in a Stationary Coil in a Changing Magnetic Field
- Generators
- Back Emf and Back Torque
- Induction and Energy Transfer
- Eddy Currents or Foucault Currents
- Explanation
- Applications
- Inductance
- Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
- Energy Density of a Magnetic Field
- Transformers
- Overview of Electromagnetic Induction
12 Electrostatics [Revision]
- Mechanical Force on Unit Area of a Charged Conductor
- Energy Density of a Medium
- Concept of Condenser
- The Parallel Plate Capacitor
- Capacity of Parallel Plate Condenser
- Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
- Energy of Charged Condenser
- Condensers in Series and Parallel,
- Van-deGraaff Generator
13 AC Circuits [Revision]
- AC Circuits
- Values of Alternating Current
- Phasors
- AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
- AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
- Power in AC Circuit
- LC Oscillations
- Electric Resonance
- Sharpness of Resonance: Q Factor
- Choke Coil
- Overview: AC Circuits
13 Current Electricity [Revision]
- Meter Bridge
14 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter [Revision]
- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- The Photoelectric Effect
- Wave-particle Duality of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Photo Cell
- De Broglie Hypothesis
- Davisson and Germer Experiment
- Wave-particle Duality of Matter
- Overview: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
14 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current [Revision]
- Ampere’s Circuital Law
- Moving Coil Galvanometer
- Cyclotron
- Description
- Construction
- Theory and Working
- Achievement of Resonance Condition
- Limitations
- Kinetic Energy of Particles Accelerated in a Cyclotron
15 Structure of Atoms and Nuclei [Revision]
- Structure of the Atom and Nucleus
- Thomson’s Atomic Model
- Geiger-marsden Experiment
- Atomic Models
- Atomic Spectra
- Neils Bohr’s Model of an Atom
- Atomic Nucleus
- Constituents of a Nucleus
- Units for measuring masses of atoms and subatomic particles
- Sizes of Nuclei
- Nuclear Forces
- Constituents of a Nucleus
- Isotopes
- Definition: Isotopes
- Examples
- Atomic and Nuclear Masses
- Size and Density of the Nucleus
- Mass Defect and Binding Energy
- Binding Energy Curve
- Meaning of binding energy curve
- `bar(BE) = ([Zm_H + Nm_n - M_a]c^2)/A`
- Important inferences from of the average binding energy curve
- Forms of Energy > Nuclear Energy
- Definition: Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Radioactive Decays
- Alpha Decay
- Beta Decay
- Gamma Decay
- Rate of decay
- Rate law
- Expression for decay constant
- Half life of radioelement (t1/2)
- Graphical representation of decay
- Units of radioactivity
- Law of Radioactive Decay
- Overview: Structure of Atoms and Nuclei
15 Magnetism [Revision]
16 Semiconductor Devices [Revision]
- Basics of Semiconductor Devices
- Introduction
- Comparison between N-Type Semiconductor and P- Type Semiconductor
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- p-n Junction Diode as a Rectifier
- Special Purpose P-n Junction Diodes
- Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
- Logic Gates
- Overview: Semiconductor Devices
16 Electromagnetic Inductions [Revision]
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Definition: Electromagnetic Induction
- Inductance
- Transformers
- Need for Displacement Current
- Coil Rotating in Uniform Magnetic Induction
- A.C. Generator
- Reactance and Impedance
- LC Oscillations
- Inductance and Capacitance
- Resonant Circuits
- Series Resonant Circuit
- Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit
- Power in AC Circuit
- Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
17 Electrons and Photons [Revision]
- Photoelectric Effect - Hertz’s Observations
- Photoelectric Effect - Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s Observations
- Einstein’s Equation - Particle Nature of Light
- Einstein's equation Emax = hυ - W0; threshold frequency
- Einstein used Planck’s ideas and extended it to apply for radiation (light); the photoelectric effect can be explained only assuming the quantum (particle) nature of radiation.
- Determination of Planck’s constant (from the graph of stopping potential Vs versus frequency f of the incident light).
- Momentum of photon p = E/c = hν/c = h/λ.
- Particle Nature of Light
18 Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei [Revision]
- Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
- Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
- Hydrogen Spectrum
- Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
- Radioactivity
- Law of Radioactive Decay
- Atomic Mass, Mass - Energy Relation and Mass Defect
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Nuclear Fusion
- de-Broglie Relation
- De Broglie hypothesis, phenomenon of electron diffraction (qualitative only).
- Wave nature of radiation is exhibited in interference, diffraction and polarisation; particle nature is exhibited in photoelectric effect.
- Dual nature of matter: particle nature common in that it possesses momentum p and kinetic energy KE. The
wave nature of matter was proposed by Louis de Broglie, λ = h/p = h/mv.
- Wave Nature of Matter
- Wavelength of an Electron
- Davisson and Germer Experiment
- Continuous and Characteristics X-rays
- Mass Defect and Binding Energy
19 Semiconductors [Revision]
- Energy Bands in Solids
- Extrinsic Semiconductor
- Properties of Solids: Electrical Properties
- Special Purpose P-n Junction Diodes
- Semiconductor Diode
- Voltage Regulator
- I-V Characteristics of Led
- Transistor and Characteristics of a Transistor
- Configurations of a transistor
i) Common-base configuration (CB)
ii) Common-emitter configuration (CE)
iii) Common-collector configuration (CC) - Types of characteristic curves
i) Input characteristics curve
ii) Output characteristics curve
iii) Transfer characteristics curve - Transistor characteristics in CE configuration
a) Input Characteristics
b) Output characteristics of a transistor: Active region, Cut-off region, Saturation region - Different modes of operation of a transistor
- Current-transfer Characteristics
- Transistor as a switch
- Configurations of a transistor
- Junction Transistor
- Transistor as an Amplifier (Ce-configuration)
- npn Transistor as Common Emitter Amplifier
- Various gains in amplifiers
- Comparison between CB, CE and CC amplifier
- Transistor as an Amplifier (Ce-configuration)
- Transistor as a Switch
- Oscillators
- Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
20 Communication Systems [Revision]
- Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
- Noise, Attenuation and Amplification
- Transducer, Signal, Noise, Transmitter, Receiver, Attenuation, Amplification, Range, Bandwidth, Modulation, Demodulation, Repeater
- Bandwidth of Signals
- Bandwidth of Signals (Speech, TV and Digital Data)
- Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
- Need for Modulation and Demodulation
- Production and Detection of an Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Space Communication
- Propagation of EM Waves
- Introduction
- Ionizing Radiations
- Applications of X-rays in Medicine and Industry
- Modulation and Its Necessity
- Carrier waves and their types: Sinusoidal signal and Pulse shaped signal
- Modulation
- Types of Modulation - frequency and amplitude
- Base Band Signals
- Factors affecting transmission of electronic signal in the audio frequency range
- Size of the antenna or aerial: Hertz and Marconi antenna
- Effective power radiated by an antenna
- Mixing up of signals from different transmitters
