Topics
Nature and Significance of Management
- Case Study: Tata Group – Excellence in Management
- Concept of Management
- Characteristics of Management
- Objectives of Management
- Importance of Management
- Nature of Management
- Management as an Art
- Management as a Science
- Management as a Profession
- Levels of Management
- Functions of Management
- Coordination as an Essence of Management
- Management in the Twenty-First Century
Principles and Functions of Management
Business Finance and Marketing
Principles of Management
- Case Study: Toyota's Guiding Principles of Management
- Evolution of Management Principles
- Concept of Management Principles
- Nature of Management Principles
- Significance of Management Principles
- Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
- Principles of Scientific Management
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Functional Foremanship
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Standardisation and Simplification of Work
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Differential Piece Wage System
- Fayol’s Principles of Management
- Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s Principles.
Business Environment
- Case Study: Dharamveer Kamboj's Entrepreneurial Journey
- Concept of Business Environment
- Importance of Business Environment
- Dimensions of Business Environment
- External Factors> Economic Environment
- External Factors> Social Environment
- External Factors> Technological Environment
- External Factors> Political Environment
- External Factors> Legal Environment
- Economic Environment in India
- The 1991 Economic Crisis and Reforms
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Demonetisation
Planning
Organising
- Case Study: Wipro's Organisational Restructuring for Growth
- Organising
- Steps in the Process of Organising
- Importance of Organising
- Structure of Organisation
- Types of Organisation Structure > Functional Structure
- Types of Organisation Structure > Divisional Structure
- Comparison Between Functional Structure and Divisional Structure
- Formal Organisation
- Informal Organisation
- Comparison between Formal Organisation and Informal Organisation
- Concept of Delegation of Authority
- Concept of Decentralization
- Comparison Between Delegation and Decentralization
Staffing
- Case Study: Management of Human Resources at Infosys
- Staffing
- Staffing as Part of Human Resource Management
- Evolution of Human Resource Management
- Staffing Process
- Aspects of Staffing > Recruitment
- Sources of Recruitment
- Internal Sources
- External Sources
- Aspects of Staffing > Selection
- Aspects of Staffing > Training and Development
- Methods of Training
Directing
- Case Study: Leadership Development at Ford Motor Company
- Directing
- Principles of Directing
- Elements of Directing
- Supervision
- Motivation
- Motivation> Motivation Process
- Motivation> Importance of Motivation
- Motivation > Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
- Motivation> Financial and Non-Financial Incentives
- Leadership
- Communication
- Communication> Formal Communication
- Communication> Informal Communication or Grapevine
- Barriers to Communication
- Improving Communication Effectiveness
Controlling
Financial Management
- Case Study: Tata Steel–Corus Acquisition
- Concept of Business Finance
- Concept of Financial Management
- Financial Decisions> Investment Decision
- Financial Decisions> Financing Decision
- Financial Decisions> Dividend Decision
- Concept of Financial Planning
- Importance of Financial Planning
- Capital Structure
- Factors affecting the Choice of Capital Structure
- Fixed Capital
- Working Capital
Financial Markets
- Concept of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- Distinction between Primary and Secondary Market
- Functions of Stock Exchange
- Trading Procedure of Stock Exchange
- Depository Services
- Demat System
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Marketing Management
- Concept of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Management
- Marketing vs. Selling
- Marketing Management Philosophies
- Functions of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Mix
- Marketing Mix> Product
- Classification of Products> Consumer Products
- Classification of Products> Industrial Products
- Branding
- Packaging
- Labelling
- Marketing Mix> Pricing
- Marketing Mix> Physical Distribution
- Marketing Mix> Promotion
- Promotion Mix
- Advertising
- Personal Selling
- Sales Promotion
- Public Relations
- Distinction Between Advertising and Personal Selling
Marketing
- Concept of Financial Market
- Types of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)
- Overview of Marketing
Consumer Protection
- Case Study: Consumer Protection in Banking Services
- Concept of Consumer Protection
- Importance of Consumer Protection
- Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- Concept of Consumer
- Consumer Rights
- Responsibilities of Consumers
- Ways and Means of Consumer Protection
- Redressal Agencies Under The Consumer Protection Act
- Role of Consumer Organisations and NGO's
- Overview of Consumer Protection
Estimated time: 13 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Meaning
- Leadership is the process of influencing the behaviour of people.
- It makes them strive voluntarily and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals.
- A leader can get the work done willingly without using force.
CBSE: Class 12
Definition: Leadership
- Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives. - George Terry
- Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals. - Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich
- Leadership is a set of interpersonal behaviours designed to influence employees to cooperate in the achievement of objectives. - Glueck
- Leadership is both a process and property. The process of leadership is the use of noncoercive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of the members of an organised group towards the accomplishment of group objectivities. As a property, leadership is the set of qualities or characteristics attributed to those who are perceived to successfully employ such influence. - Gay and Strake
CBSE: Class 12
Features of Leadership
- Influencing behaviour: A leader influences the behaviour of people working under him.
- Change in behaviour: A leader changes the behaviour of subordinates to achieve organisational goals.
- Interpersonal relations: A leader develops interpersonal relations with people working in the organisation.
- Achieving common goals: A leader helps individuals and the organisation to achieve goals.
- Continuous process: Leadership is a continuous process throughout the life of an organisation.
CBSE: Class 12
Importance of Leadership
- Influences the performance and results of the entire organisation.
- Maintains personal relations with employees and meets their psychological needs.
- Helps in introducing required changes smoothly; employees accept change when it comes from an accepted leader.
- Helps in handling conflicts effectively and resolving them in a positive manner.
- Ensures proper training and development of subordinates, preparing them for future challenges.
CBSE: Class 12
Leadership Styles
| Style | Authority Used | Communication | Decision-Making | Best Suited For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autocratic / Authoritarian | Centralised | One-way (top-down) | Leader alone | Quick decisions, factory settings |
| Democratic / Participative | Shared | Two-way | Consults subordinates | Creative work, goal-setting |
| Laissez-faire / Free-rein | Minimal | Subordinates set own terms | Subordinates decide | Highly independent, expert teams |
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Leadership
- Leadership influences people to strive voluntarily toward group goals.
- It is a continuous process throughout the life of an organisation.
- A good leader helps in introducing change smoothly by winning employee acceptance.
- Leadership also plays a key role in conflict resolution and training of subordinates.
- Autocratic style = centralised authority, one-way communication.
- Democratic style = participative, two-way communication, people set own objectives.
- Laissez-faire style = maximum independence to followers, minimal interference by leader.
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