Topics
Gravitation
- Concept of Gravitation
- Force and Motion
- Centripetal Force
- Kepler’s Laws
- Law of Orbit or Kepler's First Law
- Law of Areas or Kepler's Second Law
- Law of Periods or Kepler's Third Law
- Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Earth’s Gravitational Force
- Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration
- Mass and Weight
- Gravitational Waves
- Free Fall
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- Escape Velocity
- Weightlessness in Space
Periodic Classification of Elements
- Classification of Elements
- Dobereiner’s Triads
- Newland's Law of Octaves
- Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
- Insights into Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
- Modern Periodic Law
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Structure of the Modern Periodic Table
- Modern Periodic Table and Electronic Configuration of Elements
- Groups and Electronic Configuration
- Periods and Electronic Configuration
- Periodic Trends in the Modern Periodic Table
- Atomic Size
- Metallic and Non-metallic Characters
- Gradation in Halogen Family
Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Chemical Reaction
- Chemical Equations
- Balancing Chemical Equation
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Combination Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Decomposition Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Single Displacement Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Double Displacement Reaction
- Endothermic and Exothermic Processes
- Rate of Chemical Reaction
- Factors Affecting the Rate of a Chemical Reaction
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Oxidation
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Reduction
- Corrosion of Metals
- Rancidity
Effects of Electric Current
- Electric Circuit
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
- Right-hand Thumb Rule
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field at the Centre of a Circular Loop
- Applications of Ampere’s Circuital Law > Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Solenoid
- Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
- Electric Motor
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Galvanometer
- Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
- Alternating current (AC) and Direct Current (DC)
- Electric Generator
Heat
Refraction of Light
Lenses
- Concept of Lenses
- Images Formed by Convex Lenses
- Images Formed by Concave Lenses
- Sign Convention
- Lens Formula
- Magnification
- Power of a Lens
- Combination of Lenses
- The Human Eye
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Myopia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Hypermetropia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Presbyopia
- Apparent Size of an Object
- Use of Concave Lenses
- Use of Convex Lenses
- Persistence of Vision
Metallurgy
- Physical Properties of Metals
- Physical Properties of Non-metal
- Chemical Properties of Metal
- Reactions of Metals
- Reactivity Series of Metals
- Chemical Properties of Non-metal
- Ionic Compounds
- Metallurgy
- Basic Principles of Metallurgy > Concentration of Ores
- Basic Principles of Metallurgy > Extraction of Metals
- Basic Principles of Metallurgy > Refining of Metals
- Corrosion of Metals
- Prevention of Corrosion
Carbon Compounds
- Bonds in Carbon Compounds
- Carbon: A Versatile Element
- Hydrocarbons
- Straight chains, Branched chains, and Rings of Carbon atoms
- Functional Groups in Carbon Compounds
- Homologous Series
- Nomenclature
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Combustion
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Oxidation
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Addition Reaction
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Substitution Reaction
- Ethanol
- Ethanoic Acid
- Macromolecules and Polymers
Space Missions
School of Elements
The Magic of Chemical Reactions
- Chemical Equations
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Combination Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Decomposition Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Single Displacement Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Double Displacement Reaction
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Oxidation
- Types of Double Displacement: Neutralization Reaction
The Acid Base Chemistry
- Properties of Acids > Physical Properties
- The pH Scale
- Acids, Bases and Their Reactivity
- Acid or a Base in a Water Solution
- Preparation and Uses of Baking Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Bleaching Powder
- Preparation and Uses of Washing Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Plaster of Paris
- Chemicals from Common Salt - Soap as a Salt
The Electric Spark
All about Electromagnetism
- Magnetic force
- The Bar Magnet
- Right-hand Thumb Rule
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field at the Centre of a Circular Loop
- Applications of Ampere’s Circuital Law > Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Solenoid
- Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Electric Motor
- Electromagnetic Induction
- A.C. Generator
- Simple D.C. Motor
- Household Electrical Circuits
Wonders of Light 1
Wonders of Light 2
Striving for better Environment 1
- Abatement of Pollution
- Sustainable Use of Resources
- Definition: Substitution Reaction
- Chemical Reaction: Chlorination of Methane
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Definition: Substitution Reaction
The reaction in which the place of one type of atom/group in a reactant is taken by another atom/group of atoms is called a substitution reaction.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Chemical Reaction: Chlorination of Methane
- \[\mathrm{CH}_4+\mathrm{Cl}_2\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Sunlight}}\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{HCl}\]
→ 1 hydrogen replaced → methyl chloride - \[\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{Cl}_2\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Sunlight}}\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{Cl}_2+\mathrm{HCl}\]
→ 2 hydrogens replaced → methylene chloride - \[\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{Cl}_2+\mathrm{Cl}_2\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Sunlight}}\mathrm{CHCl}_3+\mathrm{HCl}\]
→ 3 hydrogens replaced → chloroform - \[\mathrm{CHCl}_3+\mathrm{Cl}_2\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Sunlight}}\mathrm{CCl}_4+\mathrm{HCl}\]
→ All 4 hydrogens replaced → carbon tetrachloride
