Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Reduction

In the electronic concept, reduction is defined as a process in which an atom or an ion gains electron(s).

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Reduction is also defined as a chemical process which involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen.

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The chemical reactions in which reactants gain hydrogen are called ‘reduction’ reactions. Similarly, the reaction in which a reactant loses oxygen to form the product is also called reduction reaction.

A reducing agent is one that reduces other substances by providing electrons, or by providing hydrogen or an electropositive ion, (or by removing oxygen or an electronegative ion). Thus, in the above examples, hydrogen, carbon, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia are the reducing agents.

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The substance that brings about reduction is called a reductant, or a reducing agent.