- Ethanol is used as a solvent in medicines like tincture iodine and cough syrups.
- It plays a role in extraction processes in laboratories and industries.
- Ethanol serves as a fuel and is blended with petrol to make gasohol, which improves fuel efficiency and reduces pollution.
- It burns cleanly, producing only carbon dioxide and water, making it eco-friendly and renewable.
- Ethanol is the main intoxicating agent in alcoholic beverages.
- It affects the central nervous system and can impair body functions.
- Pure ethanol (absolute alcohol) is toxic and may be fatal if consumed.
Topics
Heredity and Evolution
Life Processes in Living Organisms Part -1
- Life Processes in Living Organisms
- Living Organisms and Energy Production
- Glycolysis
- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Production of ATP
- Cellular Respiration
- Energy From Different Food Components
- Cell Division: an Essential Life Process
- Mitosis > Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus)
- Mitosis > Cytokinesis (Division of Cytoplasm)
- Significance of Mitosis
- Meiosis: Reduction Division
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis I
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis II
- Significance of Meiosis
- Mitosis Vs Meiosis
Life Processes in Living Organisms Part - 2
Environmental Management
Towards Green Energy
- Energy and Use of Energy
- Generation of Electrical Energy
- Power Plants Based on Nuclear Energy
- Power Plant Based on Thermal Energy
- Power Plants Based on Natural Gas
- Electric Energy Generation and Environment
- Electricity Generation using Hydroelectric Energy
- Electricity Generation using Wind Energy
- Electricity Generation using Solar Energy
- Solar Photovoltaic Cell
- Solar Thermal Power Plant
Animal Classification
- Classification of Living Organisms
- History of Animal Classification
- Traditional Method of Animal Classification
- Conventional System of Animal Classification
- Criteria for New System of Classification > Grades of Organization
- Criteria for New System of Classification > Body Symmetry
- Criteria for New System of Classification > Germ Layers
- Criteria for New System of Classification > Body cavity (Coelom)
- Criteria for New System of Classification > Body Segmentation
- Phylum: Porifera
- Phylum: Cnidaria/Coelenterata
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes
- Phylum: Aschelminthes
- Phylum: Annelida
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Phylum: Mollusca
- Phylum: Echinodermata
- Phylum: Hemichordata
- Phylum: Chordata
- Subphylum: Urochordata
- Subphylum: Cephalochordata
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata > Class: Cyclostomata
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata > Class: Pisces
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata > Class: Amphibia
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata > Class: Reptilia
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata > Class: Aves
- Subphylum: Vertebrata/Craniata > Class: Mammalia
Introduction to Microbiology
Cell Biology and Biotechnology
- Cell Biology (Cytology)
- Stem Cells
- Stem Cell Research
- Organ Transplantation
- Organ and Body Donation
- Concept of Biotechnology
- Crop Biotechnology > Hybrid Seeds
- Crop Biotechnology > Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Crop Biotechnology > Biofertilizers
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock)
- Human Health
- Vaccination and Immunization
- Edible Vaccines
- Treatment
- Interferons
- Gene Therapy
- Cloning
- Industrial Products/White Biotechnology
- Environment and Biotechnology
- Food Biotechnology
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Green Revolution
- White Revolution
- Blue Revolution
- Fertilizers
- Insecticides
- Types of Farming in India > Organic Farming
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock) > Apiculture (Bee Farming)
- Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
- Processing and Preservation of Fruits
Social Health
Disaster Management
Life's Internal Secrets
- Autotrophic Plants
- Heterotrophic Plants
- Human Digestive System
- Nutrition in Plants
- Transport
The Regulators of Life
The Life Cycle
Mapping Our Genes
Understanding Metals and Non-Metals
Striving for Better Environment 2
- Use of Efficient and Eco-friendly Technology
- Sustainable Use of Resources
- Enforcement of Acts, Laws and Policies
Amazing World of Carbon Compounds
- Key Points: Ethanol
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Physical Properties
Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is a colourless liquid at room temperature. Commonly known as alcohol or spirit, it is completely miscible with water and is neutral to litmus paper.
Physical Properties of Ethanol
| Property | Value / Description |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colourless, transparent liquid |
| Odour | Mild, characteristic alcohol-like smell |
| Melting Point | –114.1°C |
| Boiling Point | 78.37°C |
| Density | 0.789 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| State at Room Temp. | Liquid |
| Flash Point | 13°C (closed cup) |
| Solubility (in Water) | Completely miscible in all proportions |
| Solubility (in Organics) | Miscible with most organic solvents |
| Miscibility | Mixes well with water and solvents in all proportions |
| Hydrogen Bonding | Forms strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds |
| pH (neutral solution) | Approximately 7 (neutral) |
| Vapour Pressure | 5.95 kPa at 20°C |
| Viscosity | 1.2 mPa·s at 20°C |
| Surface Tension | 22.3 mN/m at 20°C |
| Heat of Combustion | –1366.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Evaporation | 38.56 kJ/mol |
Chemical Properties
(i) Reaction with Sodium: Ethanol reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas:
2Na + 2CH₃CH₂OH → 2CH₃CH₂ONa + H₂↑
This reaction occurs due to the –OH functional group in ethanol, despite it being neutral.
(ii) Dehydration Reaction: When heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 170°C, ethanol loses a water molecule and forms ethene:
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{\underset{}{CH3 - CH2 - OH} ->[(170°C)][conc.H2SO4] \underset{(ethanoic acid)}{CH2 = CH2 - H2O}}\
\end{array}\]
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Uses and Significance
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Experiment
1. Aim: To observe the reaction of ethanol with sodium and magnesium and detect the release of hydrogen gas.
2. Requirements: Big test tube, a delivery tube with a rubber cork, a candle, a knife, ethanol, sodium metal, and magnesium ribbon.
3. Procedure
- Add 10 ml of ethanol to a big test tube.
- Cut small pieces of sodium metal and add them to the ethanol.
- Immediately close the test tube with the rubber cork and delivery tube.
- Bring a lit candle near the end of the delivery tube and observe.
- Repeat the process using a magnesium ribbon instead of sodium.
4. Observations
- With sodium: Hydrogen gas is released and burns with a pop sound. Sodium pieces appear to dance on the ethanol surface due to the hydrogen gas bubbles forming rapidly.
- With magnesium: No reaction or gas bubbles are observed.
5. Conclusion
- Sodium reacts with ethanol, releasing hydrogen gas and forming sodium ethoxide.
- Ethanol, though neutral, reacts due to its -OH functional group.
- Magnesium does not react with ethanol, as it is less reactive and ethanol is not acidic.
Reaction: 2CH₃CH₂OH + 2Na → 2CH₃CH₂ONa + H₂↑
(Ethanol + Sodium → Sodium ethoxide + Hydrogen gas)
CBSE: Class 10
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10
Key Points: Ethanol
- Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a boiling point of 78 °C, soluble in water, and used in medicines, drinks, and as a clean-burning fuel (e.g., gasohol).
- Ethanol reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas is evolved.
- When heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ at 170 °C, ethanol undergoes dehydration to form ethene, an unsaturated compound.
- Methanol is highly poisonous, and industrial ethanol is made unfit for drinking by mixing methanol and adding a blue dye (denatured spirit).
Video Tutorials
Shaalaa.com | Carbon and Compounds part 25 (Ethanol)
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