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Types of Chemical Reactions > Double Displacement Reaction

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CBSE: Class 10
Maharashtra State Board: Class 10

Definition: Double Displacement Reaction

Reactions in which there is an exchange of ions between the reactants are called double displacement reactions.

OR

The reaction in which the ions in the reactants are exchanged to form a precipitate is a double displacement reaction.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 10

Introduction:

A double displacement reaction, also known as a double replacement reaction, occurs when the cations and anions of two aqueous ionic compounds exchange places, resulting in the formation of two new compounds.

AB + CD → AD + CB

Here, A and C represent positively charged cations, while B and D are negatively charged anions. These reactions typically occur in aqueous solutions, and at least one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water, making the reaction proceed.

For example, when potassium nitrate (KNO₃) reacts with aluminium chloride (AlCl₃), they exchange ions to produce aluminium nitrate [Al(NO₃)₃] and potassium chloride (KCl):

KNO₃ + AlCl₃ ⇌ Al(NO₃)₃ + KCl

Maharashtra State Board: Class 10

Experiment

1. Aim: To observe a double displacement reaction where two aqueous ionic compounds exchange ions, leading to the formation of an insoluble precipitate.

2. Requirements

  • Apparatus: test tubes, beaker, dropper, stirring rod.
  • Chemicals: Potassium iodide (KI) solution, lead(II) nitrate [Pb(NO₃)₂] solution.

3. Procedure

  • Take potassium iodide (KI) solution in a test tube.
  • Add lead(II) nitrate [Pb(NO₃)₂] solution slowly while stirring.
  • Observe the formation of a yellow precipitate of lead(II) iodide (PbI₂), indicating a chemical reaction.

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → 2KNO₃(aq) + PbI₂(s)

4. Conclusion: A double displacement reaction occurs when the cations and anions of two ionic compounds exchange places, forming two new compounds. In this reaction, the insoluble lead(II) iodide (PbI₂) precipitate confirms the formation of a new substance, demonstrating the concept of precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions.

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Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [44]

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  1. What do you think substance A is likely to be?
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Double displacement reaction

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\[\ce{KBr_{(aq)} + AgNO3_{(aq)} -> KNO3_{(aq)} + AgBr_{(s)}}\]

This is an example of:

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