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प्रश्न
Study each of the following sentences and notice the balance between its parts. Pick out other sentences in the text that reflect this kind of balance
a. It is right that a false Latin quantity should excite a smile in the House of Commons; but it is wrong that a false English meaning should not excite a frown there.
b. Let the accent of words be watched, by all means, but let the meaning be watched more closely still, and fewer will do the work.
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उत्तर
1. A book is essentially not a talked thing but a written thing; and written, not with the view of more communication, but of permanence.
2. They do not give it to you by way of help, but of reward, and will make themselves sure that you deserve it before they allow you to reach it.
3. You may dig long and find none; you must dig painfully to find any.
4. You might read all the books in the British Museum (if you could live long enough), and remain an utterly ‘illiterate’, uneducated person; but that if you read ten pages of a good book, letter by letter that is to say, with real accuracy you are forever more in some measure with an educated person.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
What do the following utterance indicate?
(i)“I told her, through Daniel ...”
(ii)“It’s a cold,” he said finally through Tsetan.
Astrologers' perceptions are based more on hearsay and conjecture than what they learn from the study of the stars. Comment with reference to the story.
The episode has been narrated in a light vein. What social mores does the author seem to ridicule?
'Luck is necessary for success in life'.
Explain the line:
'I seemed to detect in myself a sort of sneaking fellow-feeling for the mummy in the museum, and a desire to swap news with him.
How does 'A Kondh Song' substantiate the tribal urge to gain domination over time by conversing with their dead ancestors?
The peacock is the national bird of India. Why do you think the peacock has been chosen?
Why does Ruskin feel that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task?
Which are the lines in the poem that impressed you the most and why?
What do you understand of the three voices in response to the question 'What does a novel do' ?
What does the reference to raw mythology imply?
Discuss the following in pairs or in small groups.
“Before you begin experimenting you need to perfect the technique with which you experiment.”
Read the following words :
Brigadier, Commander, capture, evicting, enemy, defense
All these words are related to war affairs and war.
Find more such words from the passage.
Find evidence from the lesson and write in your own words.
It is time to see ourselves as a developed nation.
Find proof from the poem for the following.
The struggle of the cherry tree for survival.
‘The city now, doth, like garment wear’. The poet imagines that the city is wearing a beautiful garment. Hence, the figure of speech is personification. Find out more examples of personification from the poem.
When a poet/writer attempts to describe something in words, so that it appeals to our five senses (sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste) he/she has used a device called Imagery.
For example: ‘a host of golden daffodils’.
‘to a chasm, deep and vast and wide’.
Go through other poems in your textbook or other books and find outlines that contain Imagery. Write them down along with the name of the poem and line/stanza number.
Pick out the statements which aptly depict the theme of the poem.
- In the poem, the speaker memorises the past.
- In ‘The Planners’ the poet describes the unstoppable force of modernisation.
- The poet talks about the replacement of natural environment by the concrete jungle.
- The poet proposes to stop modernisation.
- The poet laments helplessly.
Find at least two things from the poem that show the following:
The atmosphere is pleasant.
Describe the following with the help of the story.
The fabric is woven by Thiruvalluvar
The description of the character is given below. Identify the character from the play. Find some sentences which support your choice.
He is a major character. He dominates in the story.
What does the poet want to do?
Prepare similar word chains using the following ideas.
waterbody - pool ____________.
Prepare similar word chains using the following ideas.
size - big _______________.
Read the ode ‘To Autumn’ by the famous poet John Keats. ‘Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness...’
Form groups of 4. Find all the references to the time given in the passage. Then make a chart to show the events described in the passage along with the time when they occur. Example:
| All night long: | The crew stayed on their feet. |
| Near midnight: | ________________________ |
| At 12.53: | ________________________ |
(Use as many lines as you need.)
Find the words that mean the following from the first stanza.
- Gold hammered into a flat, thin shape: ______
- show off proudly: ______
- tilt, move at an angle: ______
- across, especially in a slanting direction: ______
What did the husband want to buy?
List and say whether the following statement agrees with the passage or not.
If you don’t understand something, don’t let the others know about it.
List the polite expressions we use such as ‘Pardon’.
Write any one of these stories, not as told by Gulliver, but by some other person.
Read the following.
- Skipper: captain of a ship or boat.
- Dipper: This word has two meanings. Dipper means a container for taking out water. Also, there are two constellations called Little Dipper (Little Bear) and Big Dipper (Big Bear) in the sky.
- Milky Way: The band of light consisting of stars that spreads across the sky at night.
The author was going to New York.
Read the story again and write how these character reacted in these situation:
You’re both quite mistaken.
Dr. Krishnan ........…………………….
Mrs. Krishnan……....…………………
Read the story again and write how these character reacted in these situation:
Zigzag hardly never sleeps.
Somu………………………
Dr.Krishnan……………………….
Mention at least two expressions which shows that Mrs. Krishnan was not willing to have Zigzag at home?
Usha took shelter in the ______.
Learning About Nature
Learn about caterpillars and butterflies. Read a book about a caterpillar turning into a butterfly. You can get one from the library or go online and find information with pictures.
He always had lunch with his family.
Read the comic strip again. Make groups of four and frame some questions on what you have read. Each group should ask a question in turns. You cannot repeat the same question. The team which asks more questions is the winner.
e.g:
- Which are the foreign vegetables mentioned?
- What was sad for Columbus?
The land was wet and green.
Our planet is called the _____.
What is a sol? How many sols make a year?
Which line tells you that the girl was faster than the boy?
Kaliyan worked in a ______.
Who will be the fortunate?
Who is the guest?
Look at the picture and tick choose the correct word.
Choose the correct picture for the passage.
There is a table under a tree. A man with a big hat and a hare with long ears are sitting. A young girl is sitting between them. There are many cups on the table. The girl has a cup in her hand, and the man has a pot in his hand. It seems like they are having tea. Yes, they are having tea at the tea party in Wonderland. The girl is Alice, and she is in Wonderland.
People ran off when the seawater receded.
Why relationships are more important than wealth?
Who were the guest to Kani’s home?
Imagine your world and write its qualities in the cloud.
Fill in the blank with rhyming word.
larder- ______
What did the grandfather announce?
______will often say to be honest.
Write the correct word.
| rooster, king, hen, tiger, queen, tigress. |
“Something is wrong,” said Helen’s mother. What was wrong with Helen?
What did he claim to know?
