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प्रश्न
Explain the contradiction in the similies, ‘Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb’.
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उत्तर
A child from the womb signifies the birth, a new beginning whereas the ghost from the tomb is in contrast, implying death or the end.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
There were many reasons for Helen Keller's embittered childhood. What were they and how were they overcome?
Attempt a character sketch of Squire Cass.
Attempt the following question in 100-150 words:
What do you think about Anne’s talent for writing essays, which she wrote convincingly when punished by the teacher?
Read the text below and summarise it.
The Great Desert Where Hippos Once Wallowed
The Sahara sets a standard for dry land. It’s the world’s largest desert. Relative humidity can drop into the low single digits. There are places where it rains only about once a century. There are people who reach the end of their lives without ever seeing water come from the sky.
Yet beneath the Sahara are vast aquifers of fresh water, enough liquid to fill a small sea. It is fossil water, a treasure laid down in prehistoric times, some of it possibly a million years old. Just 6,000 years ago, the Sahara was a much different place.
It was green. Prehistoric rock art in the Sahara shows something surprising: hippopotamuses, which need year-round water.
“We don’t have much evidence of a tropical paradise out there, but we had something perfectly liveable,” says Jennifer Smith, a geologist at Washington University in St Louis.
The green Sahara was the product of the migration of the paleo-monsoon. In the same way that ice ages come and go, so too do monsoons migrate north and south. The dynamics of earth’s motion are responsible. The tilt of the earth’s axis varies in a regular cycle — sometimes the planet is more tilted towards the sun, sometimes less so. The axis also wobbles like a spinning top. The date of the earth’s perihelion — its closest approach to the sun — varies in cycle as well.
At times when the Northern Hemisphere tilts sharply towards the sun and the planet makes its closest approach, the increased blast of sunlight during the north’s summer months can cause the African monsoon (which currently occurs between the Equator and roughly 17°N latitude) to shift to the north as it did 10,000 years ago, inundating North Africa.
Around 5,000 years ago the monsoon shifted dramatically southward again. The prehistoric inhabitants of the Sahara discovered that their relatively green surroundings were undergoing something worse than a drought (and perhaps they migrated towards the Nile Valley, where Egyptian culture began to flourish at around the same time).
“We’re learning, and only in recent years, that some climate changes in the past have been as rapid as anything underway today,” says Robert Giegengack, a University of Pennsylvania geologist.
As the land dried out and vegetation decreased, the soil lost its ability to hold water when it did rain. Fewer clouds formed from evaporation. When it rained, the water washed away and evaporated quickly. There was a kind of runaway drying effect. By 4,000 years ago the Sahara had become what it is today.
No one knows how human-driven climate change may alter the Sahara in the future. It’s something scientists can ponder while sipping bottled fossil water pumped from underground.
“It’s the best water in Egypt,” Giegengack said — clean, refreshing mineral water. If you want to drink something good, try the ancient buried treasure of the Sahara.
Staff Writer, Washington Post
Briefly explain the following statement from the text.
“You need some interaction to cause a transition.”
'Luck is necessary for success in life'.
‘The Tale of Melon City’ has been narrated in a verse form. This is a unique style which lends extra charm to an ancient tale. Find similar examples in your language. Share them in the class.
What was the importance of the watch to the author?
'Constancy' is the theme of the poem. Indicate the words, phrases, and images that suggest the theme.
Distinguish between the following pairs of words
| Incredulous | - | Incredible |
| Suspicious | - | Susceptible |
| Sensitivity | - | Sentimentality |
| Successive | - | Successful |
Pick out words from the poem to fill in the web diagram. They should be related to the theme in the web.
Think and answer in your own words in your notebook.
Why does the poet appeal to us, to respect the life of a worm?
Find evidence from the lesson and write in your own words.
India has many amazing success stories.
A bridge connects people on either side of a river or valleys in cities or villages. Discuss with your partner the importance of a bridge to both the cities and the villages and complete the table.
| Cities | Villages |
Think and answer in your own words.
Why does the poet call our life ‘poor’?
A past student of your school has cleared his UPSC examination and being an IAS officer has been appointed as a Collector of your district. Write a formal letter to invite him to your school to share the story of his success, at a special function.
Read the following sentence carefully and choose the correct meaning.
Fine feathers don’t make fine birds.
Find sentences from the play related to the given points.
Loyalty in Irish Nationalism:
- Maybe Sergeant you’ll be on the side of the country yet.
- ____________________________
- ____________________________
- ____________________________
Explain the use of the following property in the development of the play.
Hat
Discuss and write 1-2 lines about the following,
Yonamine’s ideas about marriage.
Form groups and hold debates on the following topics. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each)
You should admit your mistakes.
Apart from the stone, how many things go into the soup?
Does the traveller really have a magic stone?
Draw word webs for the following. Begin with the given word and go on writing as many other words associated with it, as you can. Use these words to write other related words to form a word web.
Read the passage and name the following.
She was the wife of King Menelaus.
Read the following and observe the use of tenses.
‘Last week I witnessed a strange accident. Let me tell you about it. The signal flashes green. Vehicles start in the opposite direction. They move fast. Suddenly a speeding motorcyclist tries to cut across, from the wrong side. He is about to collide with a loaded truck. He applies the brakes. He falls and slides out with his bike from under the truck. He comes out unscathed on the other side.’
- When an event, which has occurred in the past, is narrated in the Present Tense to create a dramatic effect its Tense is called the ‘Dramatic Present Tense’.
- Now try to relate Jayant’s sci-fi story, in brief, in the dramatic past tense.
Find three lines, that contain images of nature in the autumn season.
At night
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
Choose the appropriate phrase to insert in the gap, to make the sentence meaningful. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
Before we ______ let us stand in attention for the National Anthem.
What is the difference between a 'dream' and a 'daydream'?
Read the poem and answer the following.
Which strawberries are sweeter?
Find the meaning of the following word.
rated
In what season does the story take place?
Find out how the following game is played.
Kho-Kho
What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?
Rearrange the following sentences in a coherent order.
- He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
- Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
- Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
- Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
- He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
- Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
- Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
- The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
- Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
- Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father
Mention the things that the grandfather imagined.
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
| And so it were wisest to keep our feet From wandering into Complaining Street; |
- What is the wisest thing that the poet suggests?
- What does the phrase ‘to keep our feet from wandering’ refer to?
Why did Mrs. Jhunjhunwalla buy the painting?
With their treasure, the boys would buy ______ in Eidgah.
The wind hurried and passed through the ______
Read the comic strip and answer the following question.
Can we read and access the information free of cost?
Why does the child clamber and scramble?
The little bird broadened the hole with her______.
Is TV and video game the only way to pass time? Can we do something else?
How was the rich man's house?
What was their new hobby?
What was the message on the chit?
Robinson sailed England after ______ years.
______is next to parents in care.
Fill in the blank
What did the children buy with money they have?
Write the word with same meaning.
queue- ______
What is the one thing you will try and improve after reading the story? How?
What did Nasruddin boast about?
What happens when the day is over?
Who agreed to help Helen?
Choose the right word.
This famous tree is in ______.
Choose the right word.
The tamarind tree grows over Tansen’s ______.
Why did grandfather give the children money?
