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प्रश्न
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
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उत्तर
Both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and enzymes are macromolecules. DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides, and enzymes are proteins; hence, these are polymers of amino acids. But DNA is larger in molecular size than proteins because protein synthesis is regulated by small segments of DNA, called genes, and a single DNA molecule can encode many proteins.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
Draw a labelled sketch of sparged-stirred-tank bioreactor. Write its application.
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
Describe the process of amplification of the “gene of interest” using the PCR technique.
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
PCR proceeds mthree distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ______.
Blood stains are found at the site of a murder. It DNA profiling technique is to be used for identifying the criminals, which of the following is ideal for use?
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
Rising of dough is due to ______.
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?
An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of ______.
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
- Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease?
- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a foam braker from the given figure.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with ethidium bromide will show ______.
In agarose gel electrophoresis, why do DNA fragments move toward the positive electrode?
In the provided agarose gel electrophoresis image, what is represented in lane 1 compared to lanes 2 through 4?
How are bacterial cells typically made competent to facilitate the uptake of recombinant DNA during transformation?
