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प्रश्न
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
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उत्तर
Both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and enzymes are macromolecules. DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides, and enzymes are proteins; hence, these are polymers of amino acids. But DNA is larger in molecular size than proteins because protein synthesis is regulated by small segments of DNA, called genes, and a single DNA molecule can encode many proteins.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name two commonly used bioreactors.
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
Explain briefly:
PCR
State the importance of using a bioreactor.
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be separated by ______.
A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
During the process of gene amplification using PCR, if a very high temperature is not maintained in the beginning, then which of the following steps of PCR will be affected first?
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?
Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate ______.
While doing a PCR, ‘denaturation’ step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Write the scientific name of the source organism of the thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with ethidium bromide will show ______.
Which enzyme is specifically used to break open fungal cells during the isolation of genetic material?
What is the process of cutting out and recovering a separated DNA band from an agarose gel called?
Which enzyme is responsible for joining the desired gene to a carrier vector DNA to form recombinant DNA?
How are bacterial cells typically made competent to facilitate the uptake of recombinant DNA during transformation?
Which of the following are direct methods used for introducing recombinant DNA into host cells besides chemical transformation?
Which series of operations is collectively referred to as 'downstream processing'?
