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प्रश्न
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
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उत्तर
Enzymes are proteins. Protein molecules are macromolecules with highly complex structures. They are made up of amino acids. Around 300 types of amino acids are found in nature, but only 20 of these amino acids are found in animal and plant cells. Amino acids form chains and are linked to each other by peptide bonds. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of each protein molecule is of a specific type. Proteins have very high molecular weight. Proteins made from different amino acids are of different types. Around 50,000 types of proteins are found in our body.
The biological macromolecules of DNA have a complex structure. These are biological macromolecules even larger than proteins (enzymes). Their molecular weight ranges from 106 to 109 Daltons. The DNA molecule is made up of a polynucleotide chain. mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, having a molecular weight less than DNA, are formed. RNA plays an important role in protein synthesis. For RNA synthesis, the DNA molecule gets duplicated at different places and forms small complementary chains, i.e., small molecules of ribonucleotide acid. These are called primers. RNA: The synthesis of inserters is catalysed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. RNA molecules are used for protein synthesis. This feature makes it clear that DNA molecules are larger molecules than proteins (enzymes).
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name two commonly used bioreactors.
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
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Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
In a pathological lab, a series of steps were undertaken for finding the gene of interest. Describe the steps, or make a flow chart showing the process of amplification of this gene of interest.
PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are the methods for ______.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, the addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out ______.
Rising of dough is due to ______.
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
Write the scientific name of the source organism of the thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
State the advantage of using Thermostable DNA polymerase.
