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प्रश्न
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
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उत्तर
Enzymes are proteins. Protein molecules are macromolecules with highly complex structures. They are made up of amino acids. Around 300 types of amino acids are found in nature, but only 20 of these amino acids are found in animal and plant cells. Amino acids form chains and are linked to each other by peptide bonds. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of each protein molecule is of a specific type. Proteins have very high molecular weight. Proteins made from different amino acids are of different types. Around 50,000 types of proteins are found in our body.
The biological macromolecules of DNA have a complex structure. These are biological macromolecules even larger than proteins (enzymes). Their molecular weight ranges from 106 to 109 Daltons. The DNA molecule is made up of a polynucleotide chain. mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, having a molecular weight less than DNA, are formed. RNA plays an important role in protein synthesis. For RNA synthesis, the DNA molecule gets duplicated at different places and forms small complementary chains, i.e., small molecules of ribonucleotide acid. These are called primers. RNA: The synthesis of inserters is catalysed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. RNA molecules are used for protein synthesis. This feature makes it clear that DNA molecules are larger molecules than proteins (enzymes).
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
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- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
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- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
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Which of the following statements is incorrect?
