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प्रश्न
Discuss the importance of time in the narration of a story.
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उत्तर
Forster brings out the importance of time in the narration of a story. He says that time is an integral part of a story. Though its appearance is both unlovely and dull, according to the essayist, yet he exhorts us to consider it first in connection with daily life. Forster says that daily life is also full of the time sense. But in daily life one can think of any situation, even going beyond the time sequence. One can chose to think of any situation in the past or in the future without going by the strict order or sequence. This one does according to the value one attaches to a particular situation. In other words, according to Forster, daily life is practically composed of two lives-- the life in time and the life by values. Our conduct reveals a double allegiance. According to the essayist, the story narrates the life in time. In our daily life one can deny that time exists and act accordingly. But in case of a story, time sense cannot be denied otherwise it becomes unintelligible. The essayist mentions about many experiments made by the story tellers and novelists in which they wanted to narrate events by not following the exact time sequence. But these experiments failed to sway the readers. According to the essayist, the basis of a novel is a story and a story is a narrative of events in time sequence.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Life is a gift to be used every day,
Not to be smothered and hidden away,
It isn’t a thing to be stored in the chest
Where you gather your keepsakes and treasure your best;
It isn’t a joy to be sipped now and then
And promptly put back in a dark place again
Life is a gift that the humblest may boast of
And one that the humblest may well make the most of
Get out and live it each hour of the day,
Wear it and use it as much as you may,
Don’t keep it in niches and corners and grooves,
You’ll find that in service its beauty improves.
(1) What do we treasure in a chest?
(2) How does the poet went us to use the gift of life?
(3) Do you agree that life should be measured un deeds and not in years? Why?
(4) Which words in the poem mean the following :
(a) Kept from developing
(b) Hollow places in a wall
(5) Life is a gift to be used every day. [Name and explain the figure of speech]
India, my India, where the first human eyes awoke to heavenly light! All Asia’s holy place of pilgrimage, great Motherland of might! World – mother, first giver to humankind of philosophy and sacred lore, knowledge thou gav’st to an, God – love, works, art, religion’s opened door.
O even with all that grandeur dwarfed or turned and can vaunt thy mighty name?
Before us still there floats the idea of those splendid days of gold; a new world in our vision wakes, Love’s India we shall rise to mould. India, my India, who dare call thee a thing for pity’s grace today? Mother of wisdom, worship, works nurse of the spirit inward ray!
(1) The poem is a ……………………
(a) Praise
(b) Prayer
(c) Story in the form of poem
(d) Song of condolence [Choose the correct alternative]
(2) What has India given to the world?
(3) How does the poet visualize New India?
(4) Give the rhyme scheme of the first four lines.
(5) Name and explain the figure of speech that dominates the poem.
Read the extract and do the activities that follow:
The duke senior and his follower were sitting down to a meal one day when Orlando rushed out from among the trees, his sword in his hand. ‘Stop, and cat no more!’ he cried. The Duke and his friends asked him what he wanted.
‘Food,’ said Orlando. ‘I am almost dying of hunger’. They asked him to sit down and eat, but he would not do so. He told them that his old servant was in the woods, dying of hunger. ‘I will not eat a bite until he has been fed,’ Orlando said.
So the good Duke and his followers helped him to bring Adam to their hiding-place, and Orlando and the old man were fed and taken care of. When the Duke learned that Orlando was a son of his old friend sir Rowland de Boys, he welcomed him gladly to his forest court.
Orlando lived happily with the Duke and his friends, but he had not forgotten the lovely Rosalind. She was always in his thoughts andevery day he wrote poetry about her pinning it on the trees in the forest. ‘These trees shall be my books,’ he said, ‘so that everyone who looks in the forest will be able to read how sweet and good Rosalind is’.
Rosalind and Celia found some of these poems pinned on the trees. At first they were puzzled, wondering who could have written them; but one day Celia came in from a walk with the news that she had seen Orlando sleeping under a tree, and she and Rosalind guessed that he must be the poet. Rosalind was happy to think that Orlando had not forggoten her, because she loved him as much as he loved her.
A1. Complete - (2)
Complete the following sentences:
(i) Rosalind was happy to think _______
(ii) The Duke and his followers helped Orlando to bring _________
(iii) Orlando pinned the poems written about Rosalind on ______
(iv) When the Duke cam to know that Orlando was a son of his old friend, he _________
A2. Write a gist: (2)
Write a gist of the above given extract in about 50 words.
Describe the shifts in the narration of the events as indicated in the three sections of the text. Give a subtitle to each section.
Look for a story, a poem and a newspaper article on environment conservation and see how the style of each is different from the other.
Tick the item that is closest in meaning to the following phrase.
to take issue with
How does the horse serve as a true friend and companion to Iona?
Read the play out in parts. Enact the play on a suitable occasion.
What was the reason for the anxiety of Paul's mother as he grew older?
'Constancy' is the theme of the poem. Indicate the words, phrases, and images that suggest the theme.
Read the following statement and mark those that apply to you.
I have cordial relationships with all but I cannot connect with anyone.
Find from the story one word for the following.
any animal that catches mice ______
Select any one of the famous personalities mentioned in ‘Warming up 1’ on page no. 5. From the library or internet find out their success story. Write it in your own words in about 20 to 30 lines of your notebook.
Give your write-up a suitable title.
Make groups and discuss the following:
Name a few scientists/explorers/social reformers/inventors/discoverers, who spent most of their lives to find solutions to some major problems/setbacks, that mankind faced.
Make groups and discuss the following:
Did they themselves suffer from those problems/setbacks?
Using a dictionary/internet note down the main difference between a developing nation and a developed nation.
Answer the given question in your own words.
What was the first task given to the Swallow?
Discuss the activities carried out by a farmer.
Sue and Johnsy were very close friends.
Discuss in your class.
What are the advantages of learning science?
Expand the idea inherent in the following proverb:
A Bad workman blames his tools.
Say WHY. . . . . .
Mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.
Answer the following question in short.
Explain the significance of the title.
What do restive horses do?
Use the following phrases in your own words.
- roam around
- again and again
- bring something back
- there and then
Correct the given sentence with justification.
The play is restricted to only a part of the woods.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Oberon transforms Bottom's head into that of an ass.
The consequences of Oberon’s jealousy for Titania are comic rather than tragic. Comment.
Discuss and write 1-2 lines about the following,
Why Bushi told Yonamine not to travel at night.
Divide the story into different sections to show the different events and time periods in it. Give a suitable title to each section.
Write a short monologue using one of the following ideas. Write down the monologue and present it in the class.
Bushi disguised as a bandit.
Draw word webs for the following. Begin with the given word and go on writing as many other words associated with it, as you can. Use these words to write other related words to form a word web.
What do the following event/action tell us about the characters? Discuss.
The Archbishop announced that everyone was free to try his hand at the sword and called all the Lords to a Tournament.
Sayali’s mother did not want her to go on the trip.
Find the meaning of the following words or phrases :
- ridges
- brimming
- eddying
- babble
- fallow
- trout
- netted
Describe the following with the help of the (The Twelve Months) story.
Summer
Guess the meaning of the following word.
pounced
List and say whether the following statement agrees with the passage or not.
When you want to make a speech, there’s no need to think about it in advance.
Read the story again and write how these character reacted in these situation:
You’re both quite mistaken.
Dr. Krishnan ........…………………….
Mrs. Krishnan……....…………………
Why did Anne want to exchange the book ‘Camera Obscura’?
‘My tongs are like a tiger among toys.’ It means ______
Read the comic strip and answer the following question.
Do you think that all the information online can be used without any permission?
The______ of ______ are nearly run.
- soft
- vain
- fear
- joy
- love
- heard
- toiled
- mild
- good
- sand
- life
- harsh
Fill in the table
| Problems Faced By Mr. Fogg And His Team | Solution |
| The train stopped in the middle of the forest. | |
| They couldn’t hire the elephant. | |
| They were in need of an elephant driver. |
Read the line and answer the question.
And the wheel’s kick and the winds song and the white sail’s shaking
What according to the poet are the pleasures of sailing?
Vasantha made a lot of noise because ______
Gulliver took the small creatures in his hand and crushed them.
The farmer was thankful at the sight of the verdant bowl because______.
Name the vegetables harvested in the vegetation hab.
Read the passage and colour one flag each time you read.
Our national emblem is taken from Ashoka’s pillar at Sarnath. It is found on all government documents, coins, currency notes, postcards, and envelopes. It consists of four lions standing back to back but, we can see only three lions at a time. There is a Dharma chakra in the centre of the base plate, with the figure of a bull in the right and that of a horse in the left. The entire structure is sitting on a lotus. The words ‘Sathyameva Jayate’ is written under it in Devanagari script. These words mean, ‘Truth alone Triumphs’.
Match the words with the pictures.
| Robinson |  |
| cannibals |  |
| Friday |  |
| footprint |  |
Answer using Yes or No and pick sentence from the story to support your answer.
Did Robinson’s ship sink?
Why do we ask questions?
Senthil bought a ______ from his savings.
Read the passage three times on your own. Colour a Piggy bank each time you read.
Piggy bank is a coin box used by children. The real use of a piggy bank is to store coins. Piggy banks look like pigs. They come in many shapes and sizes. In Tamil, they are known as Hundial. It is a red, mud pot. We can drop the coins into the pot. Once the pot is full, we must break the pot and use the coins. Start saving with your hundial today!
Read the passage carefully and answer the following question.
What did the farmer find in the field?
Mugund made______using the dry woods.
What did Nasruddin boast about?
Say Aloud
| dash | bash | splash | cash | trash |
| steer | tear | clear | deer | dear |
| shower | power | tower | flower | mower |
| poked | croaked | soaked | stroked | joked |
| wept | kept | crept | leapt | slept |
What is Gandhiji’s ideal?
