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प्रश्न
How, according to you, can peace and liberty be maintained in a state?
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उत्तर
A model answer has been provided for students' reference.
It is strongly recommended that students prepare the answer on their own.
Peace and liberty can be maintained in a state if there exists Laissez faire, i.e., the principle of non interference by the king in the activities of the citizens. However, the king or the government must maintain law and order in the absence of which anarchy may reign in the state. There should be a happy balance between state interference and citizens rights. Only then one can expect peace and liberty to be maintained in a state.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
Read the follow ing extract and answer the questions given below:
Not gold but only men can make
A people great and strong;
Men who for truth and honor's sake
Stand fast and suffer long.
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while others fly...
They build a nation's pillars deep
And lift them to the sky.
(1) What makes a nation strong?
(2) According to you, what makes India a strong and powerful nation?.
(3) Write down the rhyme scheme used in the extract.
(4) What does the phrase 'others fly ... ' mean?
Read the following passage carefully and complete the activities given below:
B.1) Order :
Rearrange the following sentences in proper order:
(i) Hanmant joined engineering.
(ii) Hanmant got his Diploma and secured a job in Philips.
(iii) Hanmant migrated to Pune when he was in class VI.
(iv) Hanmant took up a painting job to earn.
Hanmant Gaikwad was born in Koregaon in Satara district.
“My native place is Rahimatpur, around 10 km from Koregaon. My father was a clerk in the court and we lived in a small, rented house.”
Hanmant was a brilliant student especially good in mathematics. When he was in class six, the family shifted to Pune. They lived in Phugewadi near Dapodi in a tiny one-room house-10 by 10 feet. At this point, Hanmant realized the difference between himself and those who had money.
Hanmant was then studying at Modern High School. He needed one rupee to buy a bus ticket to and from the everyday. Even that was hard to come by.
Despite the hardships, Hanmant secured 88% in class 10. Hanmant completed his diploma and joined Philips as a trainee. But he wasn’t happy with the work he got there.
The natural choice for a diploma engineer is to go for a B.Tech. But engineering colleges charge hefty fees. At the time, the family’s only source of income was a teacher’s salary of Rs. 2,300 a month……….
And then I decided to also do some earning. “Khud Ka Kamana Chalu Kiya”.
Hanmant took up painting jobs and quickly discovered it was excellent business.
The young engineering student paid his own fees from the third year onwards. But his lifestyle remained frugal.
Life was getting better, but Hanmant had his sights set higher. In the final year of engineering, he was attracted to the writings of Swami Vivekananda.
“I felt Ki Kuch Alag Karna hai. What should I do, I did not know but in 1993 I formed an organization-Bharat Vikas Pratisthan.”
B.2) Complete :
|
Hardships faced by Hanmant Gaikwad |
B.3) Rewrite the following sentence choosing the appropriate word/s for the underlined word/s :
(i) His lifestyle remained frugal:
(a) simple
(b) meager
(c) extravagant
(ii) Despite hardships, Hanmant secured 88% in class X:
(a) In spite of
(b) Regarding
(c) Affected
(iii) Hanmant took up painting jobs:
(a) assumed
(b) to continue
(c) accepted
(iv) Hanmant had his sights set higher:
(a) looked ahead
(b) lofty ambitions
(c) looked above
B.4) Do as Directed
(i) Hanmant secured 88% in class X. ( Begin the sentence as-88%....................)
(ii) In the final year of engineering, he was attracted towards the writings of Swami Vivekananda. (Frame a ‘Wh-question’ to get the underlined part as the answer.)
B.5) “Today’s hardships lead to tomorrow’s success”-Justify.
What is the meaning of the line “Both wry with the laboured ease of loss”.
Look at the words given in the box below
|
snigger |
wriggle |
sneak |
squeak |
|
squawk |
titter |
pant |
chuckle |
|
giggle |
jeer |
chortle |
guffaw |
|
sigh |
sidle |
boo |
shriek |
|
scramble |
croak |
straggle |
plod |
|
gasp |
|
|
|
Now classify them according to their closeness in meaning to the words given below
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
snigger |
wriggle |
squeak |
jeer |
sigh |
What was the importance of the watch to the author?
The lecture was delivered in 1864. What are the shifts in style and diction that make the language different from the way it is used today?
Identify the lines that reveal the critical tone of the poet towards the felling of the tree.
How does Kumudini Lakhia describe her guru Ramgopal's influence on her?
Interpret these phrases in the context of the essay
- Mist of protection
- At a crossroads
- It came with strings attached
The poem has a literal level and a figurative level. Why has the poet chosen 'tigers' and 'sheep' to convey his message?
Answer in your own words.
What message does the poem convey to all of us?
Pick out words that refer to ‘means of living’ and fill them in the Web.
(profession/recreation/occupation/job/ pastime/employment/hobby/career/entertainment/mission/trade/buisness/sports/retirement/placement)
Think and answer in your own words.
What could be the age group of the speaker in the poem?
Think and answer in your own words.
What is the difference between a hawker and a shopkeeper?
Using points from the lesson, give the details of the following in a short paragraph.
International Kite Festival at Ahmedabad.
The poem is a Petrarchan Sonnet. The poem is divided into two parts -
- An Octave
The first part comprising eight lines. - A sestet
The second part comprising six lines.
Read the first four lines of the poem. The rhyme scheme is a b b a. Read the rhyme scheme for the next four lines. It is a b b a. Now read the first three lines of the sestet and note the rhyme scheme. It is c d c. The rhyme scheme of the last three lines is d c d. This is the common design of a Petrarchan Sonnet.
This is a Petrarchan Sonnet. Complete the given table by giving examples from the poem.
| Features | Examples / Lines |
| Objects used | |
| Praise/blames | |
| Metaphor | |
| Simile | |
| Personification | |
| Number of lines | |
| Rhyme scheme |
Discuss with your partner the different ideas connoted by the word 'season'.
- _______________________
- _______________________
- _______________________
Answer the following question in short.
On what condition did Tenali Raman agree to take up the challenge?
Comment on the given statement after reading the given dialogue -
It’s a pity some honest man not to be better of that ________________________________________________.
India is famous for its handloom fabrics. Write the story of a handloom kurta in your own words.
There were some reasons why Theseus was initially against but later gave consent for the marriage of Helena with Lysander. Explain.
Describe in your own words the incident when Hovstad's real intention to help Dr. Stockmann is exposed.
Explain the following statement with reference to the context.
From now on The Herald shall be my artillery.
Discuss and write 1-2 lines about the following.
How Bushi defeated Yonamine in the wrestling match.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage:
The king was determined to prevent his beloved son from ____________.
Answer the following question and write in short, why the parody sounds funny.
What does the crocodile stand for?
Read the ode ‘To Autumn’ by the famous poet John Keats. ‘Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness...’
Read the poem again. Does it have a uniform rhyme scheme throughout?
Write down the rhyme scheme of every stanza separately.
- 1st stanza ______
- 2nd stanza ______
- 3rd stanza ______
- 4th stanza ______.
Fill in the blank choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson.
The sight of a snake ______.
List 5 of the sounds that you like.
Find out how the following game is played.
Lawn Tennis
Make a collection of Rangoli motifs and patterns.
Write about each motif or pattern in your own words -
it could just be a label or a description or some information or comment.
What happened to the young seagull when it landed on the green sea?
Where did Chulong catch the bird?
Why did Anne want to exchange the book ‘Camera Obscura’?
Hamid’s friends enjoyed the ride in the merry-go-round. But Hamid didn’t go on it. Why?
At dawn, the______ began to sing.
What should we learn from our teachers?
Why should we speak gently?
Identify the character/speaker.
I'll see you later at the Queen's croquet game.
Describe what the author saw when he went back to the island.
Mother did not ask for______.
Gulliver was the captain of the ship.
Complete the sentence given below with word/phrase.
The hole in the ground was filled______.
Why did the farmer have to travel far?
How is water produced in Mars?
How can we make our nation proud?
Whose hospitality is described in the poem?
Why did everyone ridicule the boy?
Choose the champion of the year.
Choose and write the adverbs to complete the sentence.
My dog barks ______.
______always stays to the last in our needs.
What did the leader see on the river?
Whose word are these? Name the character.
“Utensils made of brass and tin for sale!”
Choose the correct one.
Monkey
Why does the poet feel that the nose is a funny thing?
What is Gandhiji’s ideal?
