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प्रश्न
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
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उत्तर
| Recombinant protein | Therapeutic use |
| Insulin | Treatment for type I diabetes mellitus. |
| Interferon-α | Used for chronic hepatitis C. |
| Interferon-α | Used against herpes and viral enteritis. |
| Coagulation factor VIII | Treatment of haemophilia A. |
| Coagulation factor IX | Treatment of haemophilia B. |
| DNAase I | Treatment of cystic fibrosis. |
| Anti-thrombin III | Prevention of blood clot. |
| Interferon B | For treatment of multiple sclerosis. |
| Human recombinant growth hormone | For promoting growth in an individual. |
| Tissue plasminogen activator | Treatment of acute myocardial infarction. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
Draw a labelled sketch of sparged-stirred-tank bioreactor. Write its application.
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Explain briefly:
PCR
Explain briefly:
Chitinase
State the importance of using a bioreactor.
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
Describe the process of amplification of the “gene of interest” using the PCR technique.
In a pathological lab, a series of steps were undertaken for finding the gene of interest. Describe the steps, or make a flow chart showing the process of amplification of this gene of interest.
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
The first step in recombinant DNA technology is
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
Rising of dough is due to ______.
An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of ______.
Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate ______.
Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
- Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease?
- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.
Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:
- List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.
- Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth and metabolic activity of the cells".
- Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.
