Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
Advertisements
उत्तर
Bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal, or human cells. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen). The most commonly used bioreactor is the stirring type. Stirred-tank reactors are usually cylindrical or have a curved base. This helps mix the material inside the reactor. Stirrers not only mix the material inside the reactor but also ensure the availability of oxygen everywhere in the reactor. Every bioreactor has an agitator system. It also has an oxygen delivery system, foam control system, temperature control system, and pH control device. The reaction is controlled by a system and sampling, which allows small volumes of the cultured product to be periodically removed.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
State the importance of using a bioreactor.
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
Describe the process of amplification of the “gene of interest” using the PCR technique.
Which of the following term used for defining a viral genome incorporated into host DNA?
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
PCR proceeds mthree distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ______.
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, the addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out ______.
Rising of dough is due to ______.
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
- Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease?
- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
Write the scientific name of the source organism of the thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
State the advantage of using Thermostable DNA polymerase.
