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प्रश्न
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
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उत्तर
Bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal, or human cells. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen). The most commonly used bioreactor is the stirring type. Stirred-tank reactors are usually cylindrical or have a curved base. This helps mix the material inside the reactor. Stirrers not only mix the material inside the reactor but also ensure the availability of oxygen everywhere in the reactor. Every bioreactor has an agitator system. It also has an oxygen delivery system, foam control system, temperature control system, and pH control device. The reaction is controlled by a system and sampling, which allows small volumes of the cultured product to be periodically removed.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Explain briefly:
PCR
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
Describe the process of amplification of the “gene of interest” using the PCR technique.
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
PCR proceeds mthree distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ______.
Blood stains are found at the site of a murder. It DNA profiling technique is to be used for identifying the criminals, which of the following is ideal for use?
The first step in recombinant DNA technology is
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of ______.
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.
Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
State the advantage of using Thermostable DNA polymerase.
Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.
Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:
- List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.
- Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth and metabolic activity of the cells".
- Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.
Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a foam braker from the given figure.
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with ethidium bromide will show ______.
