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प्रश्न
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
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उत्तर
Bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal, or human cells. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen). The most commonly used bioreactor is the stirring type. Stirred-tank reactors are usually cylindrical or have a curved base. This helps mix the material inside the reactor. Stirrers not only mix the material inside the reactor but also ensure the availability of oxygen everywhere in the reactor. Every bioreactor has an agitator system. It also has an oxygen delivery system, foam control system, temperature control system, and pH control device. The reaction is controlled by a system and sampling, which allows small volumes of the cultured product to be periodically removed.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
Draw a labelled sketch of sparged-stirred-tank bioreactor. Write its application.
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Explain briefly:
PCR
Explain briefly:
Chitinase
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate ______.
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
While doing a PCR, ‘denaturation’ step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
Write the scientific name of the source organism of the thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.
Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:
- List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.
- Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth and metabolic activity of the cells".
- Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in construction of recombinant DNA.
Statement II: Smaller size DNA fragments are observed near anode while larger fragments are found near the wells in an agarose gel.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with ethidium bromide will show ______.
