Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Advertisements
उत्तर
The product prepared by biotechnology is subjected to several processes before it is sent to the market. These processes include separation and purification and are collectively called downstream processing. The product is formulated with appropriate preservatives. In the case of drugs, such formulations are put through clinical trials. Every product also requires specific quality control tests. Downstream processing and quality control tests vary for different products.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
Explain briefly:
PCR
Explain briefly:
Chitinase
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
In a pathological lab, a series of steps were undertaken for finding the gene of interest. Describe the steps, or make a flow chart showing the process of amplification of this gene of interest.
Which of the following term used for defining a viral genome incorporated into host DNA?
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be separated by ______.
Gene Amplification using primers can be done by ______.
PCR proceeds mthree distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ______.
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
- Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease?
- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
State the advantage of using Thermostable DNA polymerase.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in construction of recombinant DNA.
Statement II: Smaller size DNA fragments are observed near anode while larger fragments are found near the wells in an agarose gel.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which enzyme is specifically used to break open fungal cells during the isolation of genetic material?
What is the process of cutting out and recovering a separated DNA band from an agarose gel called?
In the provided agarose gel electrophoresis image, what is represented in lane 1 compared to lanes 2 through 4?
How are bacterial cells typically made competent to facilitate the uptake of recombinant DNA during transformation?
Which of the following are direct methods used for introducing recombinant DNA into host cells besides chemical transformation?
