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प्रश्न
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
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उत्तर
The product prepared by biotechnology is subjected to several processes before it is sent to the market. These processes include separation and purification and are collectively called downstream processing. The product is formulated with appropriate preservatives. In the case of drugs, such formulations are put through clinical trials. Every product also requires specific quality control tests. Downstream processing and quality control tests vary for different products.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
Explain briefly:
PCR
State the importance of using a bioreactor.
Answer the following question:
Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.
Which of the following term used for defining a viral genome incorporated into host DNA?
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be separated by ______.
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A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
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PCR proceeds mthree distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ______.
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The first step in recombinant DNA technology is
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Rising of dough is due to ______.
An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of ______.
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Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
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Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
- Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease?
- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
