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प्रश्न
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
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उत्तर
The laboratory uses shake flasks to cultivate and mix materials on a small scale. Microbes, plants, and animal cells, as well as their enzymes, use bioreactors to convert basic materials into specialised products. Bioreactors are used to produce biomass or cell products on a large scale in an aseptic environment. Here, huge volumes of culture (100 to 1000 litres) can be treated. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for producing the desired product (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, and oxygen). The most commonly used bioreactors are of the stirring type. A bioreactor is a better option than shake flasks. It has an agitator system to mix the contents correctly, an oxygen delivery system to ensure oxygen availability, a foam control system, a temperature control system, a pH control system, and a sampling port to withdraw small volumes of the culture regularly.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name two commonly used bioreactors.
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Draw a labelled sketch of sparged-stirred-tank bioreactor. Write its application.
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Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Explain briefly:
Chitinase
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PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are the methods for ______.
A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
The first step in recombinant DNA technology is
In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in PCR?
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, the addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out ______.
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Rising of dough is due to ______.
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Write the scientific name of the source organism of the thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.
Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:
- List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.
- Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth and metabolic activity of the cells".
- Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.
