Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Advertisements
Solution
The product prepared by biotechnology is subjected to several processes before it is sent to the market. These processes include separation and purification and are collectively called downstream processing. The product is formulated with appropriate preservatives. In the case of drugs, such formulations are put through clinical trials. Every product also requires specific quality control tests. Downstream processing and quality control tests vary for different products.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Explain briefly:
PCR
Explain briefly:
Chitinase
In a pathological lab, a series of steps were undertaken for finding the gene of interest. Describe the steps, or make a flow chart showing the process of amplification of this gene of interest.
Which of the following term used for defining a viral genome incorporated into host DNA?
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be separated by ______.
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
Rising of dough is due to ______.
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
While doing a PCR, ‘denaturation’ step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?
Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a foam braker from the given figure.
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
What is the primary definition of recombinant DNA technology?
Which enzymes act as 'molecular scissors' to cut purified DNA precisely at specific target sites?
In agarose gel electrophoresis, why do DNA fragments move toward the positive electrode?
What is the process of cutting out and recovering a separated DNA band from an agarose gel called?
How are bacterial cells typically made competent to facilitate the uptake of recombinant DNA during transformation?
