Selina solutions for Concise Biology [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 9 - The Excretory System [Latest edition]

Given below is a list of substances - select the ones that need to be eliminated from the body.

Glucose, excess water, amino acids, urea, carbon dioxide, excess common salt, glycogen, uric acid.

Give two examples of the following:

Nitrogenous waste

Give two examples of the following:

Bile pigments

Give two examples of the following:

Main excretory organs

Give two examples of the following:

Accessory excretory organs

Give two examples of the following:

Water-soluble vitamins

Name the following:

The tube arising from the notch of the kidney on the median side and connecting behind with the urinary bladder.

Name the following:

The tube that passes the urine to the outside of the body.

Name the following:

The inner lighter coloured region of the kidney.

Name the following:

Knot-like mass of blood capillary inside Bowman's capsule.

Name the following:

The structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Name the following:

The blood vessel which enters malpighian capsule.

Name the following:

The blood vessel which leaves malpighian capsule.

Given is a jumbled list of the parts of a certain body structure - Loop of Henle, Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule.

1. Name the structure to which the listed parts belong.
2. Rearrange the parts in their proper sequence from the starting point to where they end.

The blood flows through glomerulus under great pressure.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salts, glucose and white blood corpuscles.

Sodium chloride contained in glomerular filtrate is fully reabsorbed in the renal tubule.

The blood flowing through the renal artery is oxygenated and contains a lot of nitrogenous waste.

The blood flowing through the renal vein is oxygenated and normally does not contain nitrogenous waste.

Excessive uric acid may produce kidney stones.

The process of removal of unwanted metabolic wastes from the body is called ______.

The organ that does not belong to the excretory system:

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is ______.

Which of the following is not an example of secretion?

The nephrons discharge their urine at ______.

An organ that produces urea:

The main nitrogenous waste formed in the human body:

The condition in which excess glucose passes with urine is termed as ______.

The accumulation of high quantities of urea in the human body is termed as ______.

The process of tubular secretion occurs in ______.

A biology teacher asked her students to give two examples of organic constituents in the urine that are also nitrogenous wastes produced by the human body.

A said: Urea and Ammonia

B said: Ammonia and Creatinine

C said: Urea and Uric acid

D said: Creatinine and Urea

Who gave the correct response?

Assertion (A): Kidneys eliminate urea and water only during excretion. 

Reason (R): Urea is the most poisonous, nitrogenous waste of the body, so it must be excreted out as early as possible.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Renal artery carries deoxygenated blood full of nitrogenous wastes.

Reason (R): Most of the arteries carry oxygenated blood, but there are exceptions.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Efferent arteriole is wider than the afferent arteriole. 

Reason (R): The difference in the size of the diameter of these arterioles creates a high pressure known as hydrostatic pressure. This pressure helps in the process of ultrafiltration through the glomerulus.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Haematuria is the condition in which the blood passes with urine due to some infection in the urinary tract, kidney stones or tumour.

Reason (R): An excessive number of RBCs and haemoglobin is produced in the bone marrow. So these are excreted out through the urine.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Name the following: 

The outer region of kidney containing the Bowman's capsule.

Name the following: 

The tuft of capillaries inside the Bowman's capsule.

Name the following: 

The part of kidney tubules where the term urine is first used for the fluid in it.

Give Technical Term: 
The organ which filters out urea and uric acid from the bloodstream.

Name the following:

The organ through which urea is released outside the body of a human being.

Name the following:

The specific pigment found in urine.

Given below is a set of five terms. Rewrite the terms in their correct order so as to be in logical sequence. 

Afferent arteriole, renal vein, secondary capillary network, glomerulus, efferent arteriole.

Given below is a set of five terms. Rewrite the terms in their correct order so as to be in logical sequence. 

Renal artery, urethra, ureter, kidney, urinary bladder.

The statement given below is false. Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the underlined word.

The outer darker portion of the kidney is termed as medulla.

The statement given below is false. Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the underlined word.

The Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus together are called as renal tubule.

The statement given below is false. Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the underlined word.

A pair of renal arteries branch off from the vena cava and enter the kidney.

The statement given below is false. Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the underlined word.

The glomerular filtrate is collected in Bowman's capsule after the process of reabsorption.

The statement given below is false. Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the underlined word.

The pigment urochrome is the breakdown product of the haemoglobin of dead RBCs.

Name the disease caused due to the following abnormal constituent in urine:

Blood

Name the disease caused due to the following abnormal constituent in urine:

Glucose

Name the disease caused due to the following abnormal constituent in urine:

Albumin

Name the disease caused due to the following abnormal constituent in urine:

Bile pigments

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Glomerulus

Write down the functional activity of the following parts:

Collecting duct

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Ureter

Write down the functional activity of the following parts:

Vasa recta

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Urethra

Match the items in Column I with those in Column II and write down the matching pairs.

Fill in the blanks in the following passage to make it a meaningful description.

In a nephron, the ______ flows through the ______ under great pressure. The reason for this great pressure is that the ______ (outgoing) ______ is narrower than the ______ (incoming). This high pressure causes the ______ part of the blood to filter out from the ______ into the ______ capsule.

Name the following;

Three nitrogenous wastes of our body.

Name the following;

Three organic wastes of our body.

Name the following:

Three inorganic wastes of our body.

Name the following:

Three main parts of our urinary system.

Name the following:

Six main parts of nephron.

Name the following:

Three stages of urine formation.

Name the following:

Three types of fluids in different parts of a nephron.

Choose the odd one out in the following set and write the category for the remaining term:

Kidney, ureter, neuron, urethra, urinary bladder

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

PCT

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

DCT

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

ADH

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

ORS

State the Location:

Kidneys

Write the exact location of the following:

Uriniferous tubule

Write the exact location of the following:

Malpighian capsule

State the exact location of the Loop of Henle.

Define the following: 

Excretion 

Define the following term:

Kidney

Define the following term: 

Micturition

Define the following term:

Osmoregulation

Differentiate between the following pair on the basis of what is indicated in the bracket.

Ureter and Urethra [function]

Differentiate between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (hormones involved).

Differentiate between Glycosuria and Albuminuria (abnormal constituents).

Differentiate between Diuresis and Uremia (problem).

Differentiate between Malpighian capsule and Loop of Henle (location).

Give reason:

Excretion is a necessary process of our body.

Give reason:

Why does the cortex of kidneys shows a 'dotted' appearance?

Give reason:

We urinate fewer times in summer than in winter and the urine passed is generally thicker.

Give reason:

Why does the medulla of kidneys show a ‘striped’ appearance?

Given below is a simple diagram of the longitudinal section of a human kidney. Study the same and answer the following questions:

1. Name the part of kidney which is found between medulla and pelvis.
2. What is the basic structural and functional unit of kidney?
3. What is main function of kidney?
4. Mention the exact location of kidney.
5. Write two differences in the composition of blood flowing through blood vessels A and B.
6. Name the part of kidney which collects urine for the first time from the nephrons.
7. Define 'Osmoregulation'.
8. Name the technique which is normally suggested by the doctors to the patients in case of a permanent damage to both the kidneys.
   1. Name the hormone which is associated with the 'reabsorption' step of urine production.
9. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a malpighian capsule.

Given alongside is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

1. Name all the organ systems shown completely or even 3 partially.
2. Name the parts numbered 1 to 5.
3. Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked '1'.
4. Name the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part labelled '3'.
5. Napie the two major steps involved in the formation of the fluid that passes down the part labelled '3'.

The figure given below represents a kidney tubule in humans and its blood supply. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow. Write specific name and numbers shown in the diagram for each answer.

1. Name the part which consists of a knot - like mass of blood capillaries.
2. What is the specific name for the combination of parts shown as 5 and 3?
3. Name the part which collects the glomerular filtrate.
4. Where is the most water reabsorbed?
5. Name the part which collects urine in the diagram shown.
6. Which part lies in the medulla of the kidney?
7. Which of the above parts is involved in the process of tubular secretion?
8. How is hydrostatic pressure created?
9. Where does ultrafiltration take place?
10. Name two important constituents of urine.

Given below is a simplified diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the questions that follow.

1. Define excretion.
2. Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance?
3. Why does the medulla of the kidney show a striped appearance?
4. Write two differences in the composition of the blood flowing through the blood vessels 'A' and 'B'.

Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present?
2. Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
3. Name the stages involved in the formation of urine.
4. What is the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3? Briefly describe the process.