Selina solutions for Concise Biology [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 10 - The Nervous System [Latest edition]

Name the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.

Write one word for the following:

wave of electrical disturbance that sweeps over the nerve cell.

Write one word for the following:

Long thread-like part of the nerve cell.

Write one word for the following:

Point of contact between two nerve cells.

Write one word for the following:

A bundle of axons enclosed in a tubular sheath.

Write one word for the following:

The kind of nerve carrying impulses from the brain to a gland or muscle.

Categorise the following under stimulus and response.

Withdrawal of hand on touching a hot plate

Categorise the following under stimulus and response.

Seeing a green light turning into red at a road crossing before applying the brakes.

Categorise the following under stimulus and response.

Pain in the eye if something falls into it.

Brain and spinal cord are the parts of ______ nervous system.

______ is the largest part of the brain.

White matter consists mainly of ______.

The part of the brain concerned with body balance is ______.

Given below is a common reflex in humans. Classify it as a simple or conditioned reflex.

Knee-jerk

Given below is a common reflex in humans. Classify it as a simple or conditioned reflex.

Watering of mouth on seeing a favourite dish.

Given below is a common reflex in humans. Classify it as a simple or conditioned reflex.

Tying of shoe laces while talking.

Given below is a common reflex in humans. Classify it as a simple or conditioned reflex.

Closing of eyelids if a strong beam of light is flashed across.

Given alongside is a partial diagrammatic representation of a certain phenomenon pertaining to the nervous system.

1. Name the parts numbered 1-7.
2. Name the phenomenon that the diagram depicts and define it.
3. Give the technical term for the point of contact between two nerve cells.
4. Name the parts not shown in the diagram that should be included to complete the pathway of the phenomenon.

The basic structural and functional unit of brain is ______.

Which of the following structures is absent in nerve cells?

The number of cranial and spinal nerves in a human being are respectively ______.

Which part of the brain controls the posture of our body?

The fluid-filled cavities of the brain are termed as ______.

Nissl’s granules are found in the cytoplasm of ______.

The thin delicate middle layer of meninges is termed as ______.

Any factor that can bring a change in the body of an organism is called ______.

Gyri and sulci are richly found in ______.

The white matter of cerebrum mainly consists of ______.

Assertion (A): Effectors are the part of our body which, on receiving stimulus, set up waves of impulses towards the central nervous system.

Reason (R): The specialized epithelial cells of certain organs are capable of receiving stimuli which can be light, sound, heat, pain, hunger, etc.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): The aggregates of the cell bodies or perikaryons of neurons form the synapse.

Reason (R): Ganglia are the structures from which the nerve fibres may arise or enter into, whereas the synapse connects two neurons with a small gap in between.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): The cerebellum is the largest portion of the brain.

Reason (R): Cerebellum is located just at the base of the cerebrum. It maintains body balance. Cerebrum is the seat of intelligence, consciousness and will power.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): The protective membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord are the same, whereas the bony coverings of these are cranium and vertebral column respectively. 

Reason (R): Since both are very delicate and sensitive organs of our body, they are protected by a three-layered membrane known as meninges.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): The arrangement of white and gray matter is the same in both brain and spinal cord.

Reason (R): Gray matter consists of cell bodies of the neuron, whereas white matter contains the axons of the nerve cells. One region is termed as the cortex and the other is medulla.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated by the hormone thyroxine which is secreted by the thyroid gland.

Reason (R): Sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for violent action against abnormal conditions. Adrenaline is termed as emergency hormone.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Reflexes are involuntary but all involuntary actions are not reflexes.

Reason (R): Reflexes and involuntary actions of our body are controlled by medulla oblongata and spinal cord respectively.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Name the following:
The fluid that is present inside and outside the brain.

Name the following:

The junction between two nerve cells.

Name the following:

The part of the brain which is concerned with memory.

Name the following:

The central space of the brain.

Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.

Stimulus : Receptor :: Impulse : ______.

Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.

Cerebrum : Diencephalon :: Cerebellum : ______.

Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.

Receptor : Sensory nerve :: Motor nerve : ______.

Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.

Axons : Nerve :: Cytons : ______.

Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.

Cerebrum : Corpus callosum :: Cerebellum : ______.

Given below is a set of four terms. Choose the odd one and write the category of the remaining terms:

Given below is a set of four terms. Choose the odd one and write the category of the remaining terms:

Given below is a set of four terms. Choose the odd one and write the category of the remaining terms:

Given below is a set of four terms. Choose the odd one and write the category of the remaining terms:

Given below is a set of four terms. Choose the odd one and write the category of the remaining terms:

Given below is a median (sagittal) section of the human brain. Read the information and fill in the blanks:

Brain is а part of the (a) ______ system. It’s membranous protective covering is termed as (b) ______ which consists of three layers. The thin delicate middle layer of the membranous covering is (c) ______. The largest portion of the brain is (d) ______. Brain contains the smallest endocrine gland named, (e) ______ which is considered as the ‘Master gland’ of the human body.

Mention where in the human body is the following located and state its main function:

Corpus callosum

Mention where in the human body is the following located and state its main function:

Central canal

State whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F).

The main component of the white matter of the brain is perikaryon.

State whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F).

The arachnoid layer fits closely inside the pia mater.

State whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F).

A double chain of ganglia, one on each side of the nerve cord belongs to the spinal cord.

State whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F).

Dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges.

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Sneezing

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Blushing

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Contraction of eye pupil

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Lifting up a book

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Knitting without looking

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Sudden application of brakes of the cycle on sighting an obstacle in front

Write the function of Association neuron.

State the Function:
Myelin sheath

Write the function of medullary sheath.

The main function of cerebrospinal fluid.

Rearrange the following in correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.

Effector - Sensory neuron - Receptor - Motor neuron - Stimulus - Central nervous system Response (Reflex arc)

Rearrange the following in correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.

Repolarisation - Depolarisation - Resting (polarised) (during conduction of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre)

Rearrange the following in correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.

Axon endings - Dendrites - Axon - Perikaryon - Dendron (Neuron structur)

Rearrange the following in correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.

Diencephalon - Cerebellum - Medulla oblongata - Pons - Cerebrum - mid brain (sequence of parts of human brain).

Name the following:

Three types of neurons

Name the following:

Three types of nerves.

Name the following:

Three main parts of the neuron

 Name three major divisions of the human nervous system. 

Name the following:

Three layers of the meninges.

Name the three main parts of the human brain. 

Name the following:

Two parts of the autonomic nervous system

Name the following:

Two types of reflexes.

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

CSF

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

CNS

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

PNS

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

ANS

Define the following: 

Neuron  

Define the following term:

Nerve

Define stimulus.

Define the following term:

Synaptic cleft

Define the following:

Reflex action

Define the following term:

Corpus callosum

Differentiate between following pair with reference to the aspect in bracket.

cerebrum and cerebellum (function)

Distinguish between the following pair:

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathatic nervous system (location and role)

Differentiate between following pair with reference to the aspect in bracket.

Sensory nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried)

Differentiate between following pair with reference to the aspect in bracket.

cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and exons of neurons).

Differentiate between Spinal nerves and Cranial nerves (number of nerves).

Distinguish between the following pair:

Nerve impulse and flow of electricity (transmission and speed)

Differentiate between following pair with reference to the aspect in bracket.

medulla oblongata & cerebellum (function)

While watching a scary movie, mention its effects on the following organs by the autonomous nervous system in the table given below: (one has been done for you as an example).

Why do you call the spinal cord and the brain as the central nervous system?

Give reason:

Neurotransmitters are broken down by an enzyme just after passing an impulse from one neuron to the other.

Draw neat and labelled diagrams of a myelinated neuron

What are the advantages of having a nervous system?

What is the difference between reflex action and voluntary action?

Two hungry boys (A and B) enter a restaurant and see the menu. Boy B starts salivating but not A. Explain the reason for this difference.

The diagram below shows a section of the human brain and its associated parts. Answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the parts labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
2. Name the protective membranous covering of the brain. Also mention its three layers.
3. Name the basic unit of the brain.
4. Write the important role of the part mentioned as 2.

The diagram given below shows the internal structure of a spinal cord depicting a phenomenon. Study the diagram and answer the following questions.

1. Name the phenomenon shown in the figure and define the same.
2. Identify the parts labelled as 1 and 2. Write one functional difference between these two.
3. Name the bony protective covering and the membranous protective covering of the spinal cord.
4. Label the guidelines 3 and 4.
5. How is the labelled part 3 different from part 4 with respect to its composition (part of neuron)?
6. Give the technical term for the point of contact between the two nerve cells.
7. Name the fluid filled inside the central canal of spinal cord.
8. Name the term used for a small gap between two neurons.
9. Give one example of a neurotransmitter.
10. Draw a neat diagram of a nerve cell and label the parts: Perikaryon, Node of Ranvier, Myelin sheath and Axon terminals.

The figure given below is the basic structural and functional unit of the human nervous system. Study the diagram and answer the following questions:

1. Write the technical term for the diagram.
2. Name two organs of our nervous system where these cells are richly found.
3. How are these cells significant for us?
4. Name the cell organelle that is absent in these cells and how does it affect our body metabolism?
5. Redraw the same figure and label the following Perikaryon, Axon, Dendrites, Myelin sheath and Node of Ranvier.

It was a pleasant dark evening when Anuj saw a person clumsily walking towards him. The person, in his nonsensical and slurred speech, started talking to Anuj and Anuj realised he was possibly intoxicated. Answer the following questions: 

1. How does alcohol consumption affect the brain? State the part of the brain affected resulting in uncoordinated movements and speech.
2. In which part of the brain does the impulse for walking or speaking arise? 
3. How does part (a) differ with part (b) structurally?

Given below is the partially incomplete scheme of the components of peripheral nervous system. Fill up the blanks numbered (1)-(12):