Question

Given below is a simple diagram of the longitudinal section of a human kidney. Study the same and answer the following questions:

1. Name the part of kidney which is found between medulla and pelvis.
2. What is the basic structural and functional unit of kidney?
3. What is main function of kidney?
4. Mention the exact location of kidney.
5. Write two differences in the composition of blood flowing through blood vessels A and B.
6. Name the part of kidney which collects urine for the first time from the nephrons.
7. Define 'Osmoregulation'.
8. Name the technique which is normally suggested by the doctors to the patients in case of a permanent damage to both the kidneys.
   1. Name the hormone which is associated with the 'reabsorption' step of urine production.
9. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a malpighian capsule.

Answer 1

1. Hilum
2. Nephron
3. The kidneys expel urea, undesirable ions, and excess water through urine.
4. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs about 10 cm long and 6 cm wide, located on either side of the backbone and protected by the last two ribs. The right side of the kidney is slightly lower than the left one.
5. The renal artery (A) carries impure blood for filtration in the kidney.
   Rein vein (B) carries pure blood for filtration in the kidney.
6. Collecting duct.
7. While removing wastes like urea from the blood, the kidney regulates its composition, i.e., the percentage of water and salts. This function is called osmoregulation.
8. The specialists recommend the use of an artificial kidney. An artificial kidney is a dialysis machine. The patient's blood is carried from the radial artery to a machine to remove urea and excess salt. The purified blood is then reintroduced to the same vein. For persistent kidney impairment, dialysis should be repeated twice a week for roughly 12 hours each.
   1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).
9.