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Question
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}; B = {3, 5, 7, 9}; C = {7, 23, 47, 79} and f : A → B, g : B → C be defined as f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x2 − 2. Express (gof)−1 and f−1 og−1 as the sets of ordered pairs and verify that (gof)−1 = f−1 og−1.
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Solution
f(x)=2x+1
⇒ f= {(1, 2(1)+1), (2, 2(2)+1), (3, 2(3)+1), (4, 2(4)+1)}={(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 7), (4, 9)}g(x)=x2−2
⇒ g= {(3, 32−2), (5, 52−2), (7, 72−2), (9, 92−2)}={(3, 7), (5, 23), (7, 47), (9, 79)}
Clearly f and g are bijections and, hence, f−1: B→A and g−1: C→B exist.
So, f−1= {(3, 1), (5, 2), (7, 3), (9, 4)}
and g−1= {(7, 3), (23, 5), (47, 7), (79, 9)}
Now, (f−1 o g−1) : C→A
f−1 o g−1={(7, 1), (23, 2), (47, 3), (79, 4)} ...(1)
Also, f : A→B and g : B → C,
⇒ gof : A → C, (gof) −1 : C→A
So, f−1 o g−1and (gof)−1 have same domains.
(gof)(x)=g (f (x))=g (2x+1)=(2x+1)2−2
⇒ (gof) (x) = 4x2+ 4x +1−2
⇒ (gof) (x) = 4x2+ 4x −1
Then, (gof) (1) = g (f (1)) = 4+4−1 =7,
(gof)(2)=g (f (2))=4+4−1=23,
(gof)(3)=g (f (3))=4+4−1=47 and
(gof)(4)=g (f (4))=4+4−1=79
So, gof={(1, 7), (2, 23), (3, 47), (4, 79)}
⇒(gof)−1={(7, 1), (23, 2), (47, 3), (79, 4)} ......(2)
From (1) and (2), we get:
(gof)−1 = f−1 o g−1
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