Major Psychological Disorder> Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Intellectual disability refers to below-average intellectual functioning (with an IQ of approximately 70 or below), and deficits or impairments in adaptive behaviour (i.e., in the areas of communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, functional academic skills, work, etc.) which are manifested before the age of 18 years.

• Neurodevelopmental disorders appear in early childhood and affect personal, social, academic, and occupational functioning.
• These disorders include ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Specific Learning Disorder.
• ADHD is marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, such as difficulty concentrating, sitting still, and controlling behaviour.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder involves problems in social interaction, communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours.
• Intellectual Disability involves below-average IQ (around 70 or below) and deficits in adaptive skills before 18 years of age.
• Specific Learning Disorder causes difficulty in reading, writing, or mathematics despite normal intelligence.
• Early identification and proper support are important to prevent long-term difficulties.