Topics
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants
- Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Structure and Events
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Stamen (Male Reproductive Unit)
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Microsporangium
- Structure of Microspore Or Pollen Grain
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Pistil (Female Reproductive Unit)
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Megasporangium
- Development of Female Gametophyte or Embryo Sac
- Cross-pollination
- Outbreeding Devices
- Pollen Pistil Interaction
- Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion
- Post Fertilisation in Plant: Structures and Events
- Endosperm
- Embryo
- Formation of Seed and Fruit
- Apomixis
- Parthenocarpy
- Polyembryony
11th Std
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules in Living System
- Biomolecules in the Cell
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Carbohydrates
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Lipids
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Proteins
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Nucleic Acids
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Enzymes
- Nature of Enzyme Action
- Nomenclature of Enzymes
- Classification of Enzymes
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Enzyme - Substrate Interactions
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Metabolism
- Metabolic Pool
- Secondary metabolites (SMs)
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
- The Male Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
- Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
- Fertilization in Human
- Embryonic Development in Human
- Pregnancy in Humans
- Placenta (Growth) in Human
- Parturition (Birth) in Human
- Lactation in Human
- Concept of Reproductive Health
- Population Stabilisation and Birth Control
- Induced Abortion or Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
- Infertility
Respiration and Energy Transfer
- Production of ATP
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Respiratory Balance Sheet
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Utility of Stepwise Oxidation
- Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.)
12th Std
Human Nutrition
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Component of Food
- Human Digestive System
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Salivary Glands
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- Tongue
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- The Large Intestine
- Liver
- Physiology of Digestion
- Absorption of Food
- Assimilation of Food
- Egestion of Food
- Nutritional and Digestive Tract Disorders
Inheritance and Variation
- Genes and Genetic
- Mendelian Genetics
- Back Cross and Test Cross
- Deviations from Mendel’s Findings
- Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Linkage and Crossing Over
- Autosomal Inheritance
- Sex Linked Inheritance
- Sex Determination
- Human Genetic Disorders
Excretion and Osmoregulation
- Excretion
- Modes of Excretion: Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, and Uricotelism
- Human Excretory System
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Structure of a Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Concentration of Urine
- Composition of Urine
- The Excretory Organs
- Common Disorders of the Urinary System
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Griffith’s Experiment
- Packaging of DNA Helix
- Transcription Unit and the Gene
- Genetic Code
- Regulation of Gene Expression
- The Lac Operon
- Genomics
- DNA Fingerprinting
Diversity in Organisms
- What is ‘Living’?
- Taxonomical Aids
Origin and Evolution of Life
- Origin and Evolution of Universe and Earth
- Theories of Origin of Life
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
Plant Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Simple Permanent Tissues (Supporting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissues
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Xylem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Phloem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Tissue System
- Secondary Growth in Plants
- Wood
- Cork Cambium and Secondary Growth
- Internal Structure of Dicot Root (Bean)
- Internal Structure of Monocot Root (Maize)
- Internal Structure of Dicot Stem (Sunflower)
- Internal Structure of Monocot Stem (Maize)
- Internal Structure of Dicot Leaf (Dorsiventral Leaf) Ex. Mango Leaf
- Internal Structure of Monocot Leaf (Isobilateral Leaf) Ex.Grass Leaf
Plant Water Relation
- Plant Water Relation
- Water Absorbing Organ
- Passive Transport
- Forces Contributing to Ascent of Sap
Plant Growth and Development
- Concept of Photosynthesis
- Plastids
- Chlorophyll: The Vital Plant Pigment
- Nature of Light
- Mechanism of Photosynthesis
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Light-Dependent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Photophosphorylation
- Light-Independent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Photorespiration
- C4 Pathway Or Hatch-slack Pathway
- Cam - Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition
Organization of Cell
- Types of Cells
- Components of Eukaryotic Cell
Respiration and Circulation
- Organs of Respiratory Exchange
- Human Respiratory System
- Mechanism of Respiration > Breathing
- Modified Respiratory Movements
- Disorders of Respiratory System
- Transportation in Living Organisms
- Circulation in Animals
- Types of Closed Circulation
- Blood Circulatory System
- Composition of Blood > Plasma (The Liquid Portion of Blood)
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Human Heart
- Working Mechanism of Human Heart
- Blood Vessels
- Blood Pressure (B.P.)
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Lymph and Lymphatic System
- Heart Related Conditions
Animal Tissues
Control and Co-ordination
- Need for Control and Coordination in Organisms
- Nervous System in Hydra
- Nervous System in Planaria (Flatworm)
- Neural Tissue
- Nerve Fibres
- Human Nervous System
- The Spinal Cord
- Reflex Arc
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Disorders of Nervous System
- Chemical Coordination
- Human Endocrine System
- The Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis Gland
- The Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus Gland
- Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
- Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Reproductive Glands (Gonads)
- Diffuse Endocrine Glands
Human Health and Diseases
- Disease
- Categories of Disease
- Common Diseases in Human Beings
- Protozoan Diseases
- Helminthic Diseases
- Bacterial Diseases
- Fungal Diseases
- Viral Diseases
- Vector Borne Diseases
- Cancer
- Concept of Adolescence
- Addiction
- Drug Abuse
- Alcohol Abuse
Skeleton and Movement
- Disorders Related to Bones
Systematics of Living Organisms
- Salient Features of Five Kingdoms
- Kingdom Monera
Enhancement of Food Production
Biotechnology
- Concept of Biotechnology
- Principles of Biotechnology
- Methodology for rDNA Technology
- Crop Biotechnology > Hybrid Seeds
- Bioethics
- Biopiracy
Kingdom Plantae
Organisms and Populations
- Organisms and Their Environment
- Population
Kingdom Animalia
Ecosystems and Energy Flow
- Forests: Our Lifeline
- Functional Aspects of Ecosystem
- Classification of Animal
- Biotic or Ecological Succession
Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues
- Biodiversity
- Levels of Biodiversity
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Current Scenario
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Conservation of Wildlife
- Biological Diversity Act, 2002
- Environmental Issues
- Green House Effect
- Preventive Measures of Green House Effect
- Preventive Measures of Global Warming
- Mission Harit Maharashtra
- Conservation of Biodiversity
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