Maharashtra State Board 11th Standard Physics Syllabus - Free PDF Download
Maharashtra State Board Syllabus 2026-27 11th Standard: The Maharashtra State Board 11th Standard Physics Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the MSBSHSE, Maharashtra State Board. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 Maharashtra State Board 11th Standard Physics Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Maharashtra State Board syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed Maharashtra State Board 11th Standard Physics Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
Maharashtra State Board 11th Standard Physics Revised Syllabus
Maharashtra State Board 11th Standard Physics Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
| # | Unit/Topic | Marks | Marks with options |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Units and Measurements | ||
| 2 | Mathematical Methods | ||
| 3 | Motion in a Plane | ||
| 4 | Laws of Motion | ||
| 5 | Gravitation | ||
| 6 | Mechanical Properties of Solids | ||
| 7 | Thermal Properties of Matter | ||
| 8 | Sound | ||
| 9 | Optics | ||
| 10 | Electrostatics | ||
| 11 | Electric Current Through Conductors | ||
| 12 | Magnetism | ||
| 13 | Electromagnetic Waves and Communication System | ||
| 14 | Semiconductors | ||
| Total | - | - |
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Syllabus
1 Units and Measurements [Revision]
- Quantitative Science
- System of Units
- Measurement of Length
- Measurement of Mass
- Measurement of Time
- Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
- Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainty in Measurement
- Errors in Measurements>Systematic Errors
- Errors in Measurements>Random Errors
- Estimation of Errors
- Combination of Errors
- Significant Figures
- Definitions of SI Units and Constants
2 Mathematical Methods [Revision]
- Vector Analysis
- Vector Operations>Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
- Vector Operations>Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
- Vector Operations>Triangle Law for Vector Addition
- Vector Operations>Law of parallelogram of vectors
- Resolution of Vectors
- Multiplication of Vectors>Scalar Product(Dot Product)
- Multiplication of Vectors>Vector Product (Cross Product)
- Concept of Calculus
3 Motion in a Plane [Revision]
4 Laws of Motion [Revision]
- Fundamental Principles of Motion and Mechanics
- Types of Motion
- Aristotle’s Fallacy
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Inertial and Non-inertial Frames of Reference
- Types of Forces>Fundamental Forces in Nature
- Types of Forces>Contact and Non-Contact Forces
- Types of Forces>Real and Pseudo Forces
- Types of Forces>Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces
- Types of Forces>Work Done by a Variable Force
- Work Energy Theorem
- Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
- Collisions
- Impulse of a Force
- Necessity of Defining Impulse
- Rotational Analogue of a Force: Moment of a Force Or Torque
- Couple and Its Torque
- Mechanical Equilibrium
- Centre of Mass>Mathematical Understanding of Centre of Mass
- Centre of Mass>Velocity of Centre of Mass
- Centre of Mass>Acceleration of Centre of Mass
- Centre of Mass>Characteristics of Centre of Mass
- Centre of Gravity
5 Gravitation [Revision]
- Concept of Gravitation
- Kepler’s Laws
- Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- Measurement of the Gravitational Constant (G)
- Acceleration Due to Gravity (Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration)
- Variation in the Acceleration>Variation in Gravity with Altitude
- Variation in the Acceleration>Variation in Gravity with Depth
- Variation in the Acceleration>Variation in Gravity with Latitude and Rotation of the Earth
- Variation in the Acceleration>Effect of the Shape of the Earth
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- Expression for Gravitational Potential Energy
- Connection of Potential Energy Formula with mgh
- Potential and Potential Difference
- Earth Satellites
6 Mechanical Properties of Solids [Revision]
- Understanding Mechanical Properties of Solids
- Introduction
- Definition: Deforming Force
- Definition: Deformation
- Characteristics
- Deforming Force and Restoring Mechanism
- Significance
- Example
- Elastic Behavior of Solids
- Definition: Elasticity
- Definition: Perfectly Elastic Body
- Definition: Plasticity
- Characteristics
- Stress and Strain
- Introduction
- Definition: Stress
- Definition: Strain
- Formula: Stress
- Formula: Strain
- Understanding Elasticity
- Types of Stress and Corresponding Strain
- Introduction
- Longitudinal (Length-wise)
- Volumetric (Hydraulic)
- Shearing (Tangential)
- Applications of Elasticity
- Summary
- Hooke’s Law
- Introduction
- Origin
- Definition: Modulus of Elasticity
- Understanding Hooke's Law
- Significance
- Elastic Modulus>Young’s Modulus
- Introduction
- History/Origin
- Definition: Young's Modulus
- Formula: Young's Modulus
- Characteristics
- Explanation and Derivation
- Table: Young's modulus of some familiar materials
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Elastic Modulus>Bulk Modulus
- Introduction
- Definition: Bulk Modulus
- Formula: Bulk Modulus
- Characteristics
- Understanding Volume Strain
- Table: Bulk modulus of some familiar materials
- Example
- Elastic Modulus>Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity)
- Introduction
- Definition: Shear Modulus
- Formula: Modulus of Rigidity
- Characteristics
- Understanding Shear Stress and Shear Strain
- Values of Rigidity Modulus for Common Materials
- Example
- Elastic Modulus>Poisson’s Ratio
- Introduction
- Definition: Poisson's Ratio
- Formula: Poisson's Ratio
- Characteristics
- Understanding Linear and Lateral Strain
- Stress-strain Curve
- Introduction
- Definition: Stress-Strain Curve
- Characteristics
- Understanding Stress-Strain Curve
- Classification of Materials Based on Stress-Strain Behavior
- Elastic Hysteresis
- Elastic Wear and Tear in Rubber Bands
- Strain Energy
- Introduction
- Definition: Strain Energy
- Formula: Strain Energy
- Characteristics
- Derivation of Strain Energy
- Significance
- Hardness of Material
- Introduction
- Definition: Hardness
- Characteristics
- Material Properties
- Friction in Solids
- Introduction
- Definition: Friction
- Definition: Frictional Force
- Understanding Friction
- Disadvantages and Remedies
- Real-Life Examples
- Origin of Friction
- Introduction
- The Traditional View
- The Modern Theory
- Significance
- Types of Friction>Static Friction
- Introduction
- Definition: Static Friction
- Formula: Static Friction
- Formula: Coefficient of Static Friction
- Characteristics
- Self-Adjusting Nature
- Laws of Static Friction
- Significance
- Example
- Coefficient of Static Friction for Different Materials
- Real-Life Examples
- Types of Friction>Kinetic Friction
- Introduction
- Definition: Kinetic Friction
- Formula: Kinetic Friction
- Formula: Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
- Characteristics
- Laws of Kinetic Friction
- Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Different Materials
- Significance
- Types of Friction>Rolling Friction
- Introduction
- Definition: Rolling Friction
- Characteristics
- Comparison of Friction Types
- Advantages of Friction
- Disadvantages of Friction
- Methods of Reducing Friction
- Real-Life Examples
7 Thermal Properties of Matter [Revision]
- Understanding Thermal Properties of Matter
- Temperature and Heat
- Introduction
- Definition: Heat
- Definition: Temperature
- Formula: Average Kinetic Energy and Temperature
- Formula: Heat Exchange
- Characteristics
- How Heat Affects Matter
- Significance
- Real-Life Examples
- Summary
- Measurement of Temperature
- Definition: Adiabatic Wall
- Definition: Diathermic Wall
- Definition: Thermal Equilibrium
- Definition: Thermometry
- Definition: Ice Point
- Definition: Steam Point / Boiling Point
- Law: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- Temperature Scales
- Conversion Formulas
- Thermometers Use the Zeroth Law
- Thermometric Property
- Types of Thermometers
- Characteristics of a Good Thermometer
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Key Points: Measurement of Temperature
- Absolute Zero and Absolute Temperature
- Introduction
- Definition: Absolute Zero
- Definition: Kelvin Scale
- Definition: Triple Point
- Definition: Ideal Gas
- Definition: Universal Gas Constant (R)
- Definition: Extrapolation
- Definition: Kelvin
- Definition: Absolute Temperature
- Conversion Formulas
- Gases Respond to Temperature
- The Discovery of Absolute Zero
- The Kelvin (Absolute) Temperature Scale
- Temperature Scales & Conversion
- Law: Boyle's Law
- Law: Charles' Law
- Law: Gay-Lussac's Law
- The Ideal Gas Equation
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Key Points: Absolute Zero and Absolute Temperature
- Ideal Gas Equation
- Introduction
- Definition: Ideal Gas Equation
- Deriving the Ideal Gas Equation
- Formula Combines Gas Law
- Example
- Key Points: Ideal Gas Equation
- Thermal Expansion
- Introduction
- Classification of Expansion
- Definition: Thermal Expansion
- Definition: Coefficient of Linear Expansion (α)
- Definition: Coefficient of Superficial Expansion (β)
- Definition: Coefficient of Cubical Expansion (γ)
- Key Points: Thermal Expansion
- Linear Expansion
- Introduction
- Definition: Linear Expansion
- Definition: Coefficient of Linear Expansion
- Deriving the Formula
- Coefficient of Linear Expansion (α) for Common Materials
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Real-Life Examples
- Key Points: Linear Expansion
- Areal Expansion
- Definition: Areal Expansion
- Definition: Coefficient of Areal Expansion
- Formula: Areal Expansion
- Derivation: β = 2α
- Example
- Real-Life Examples
- Key Points: Areal Expansion
- Volume Expansion
- Definition: Volume Expansion
- Definition: Coefficient of Volume Expansion
- Formula: Volume Expansion Equation
- Formula: Between Any Two Temperatures
- Coefficient of Volume Expansion (γ) Values
- γ Is Not Strictly Constant
- Example
- Key Points: Volume Expansion
- Relation Between Coefficient of Expansion
- Relation between β and α
- Relation between γ and α
- Example
- Real-Life Applications
- Key Points: Relation Between Coefficient of Expansion
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids
- Introduction
- Definition: Specific Heat Capacity
- Formula: Specific Heat Capacity
- Specific Heat Capacity — Data Table
- Formula: Molar Specific Heat Capacity
- Real-Life Applications
- Key Points: Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids
- Specific Heat Capacity of Gas
- Introduction
- Definition: Principal Specific Heat Capacity (s)
- Definition: Molar Specific Heat Capacity (C)
- Definition: Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
- Definition: Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume
- Principal Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
- Molar Specific Heat Capacities
- Experimental Data Table
- Real-Life Applications
- Key Points: Specific Heat Capacity of Gas
- Heat Equation
- Formula: Heat Equation
- Example
- Real-World Applications
- Key Points: Heat Equation
- Thermal Capacity
- Definition: Heat Capacity or Thermal Capacity
- Formula: Heat Capacity
- Example
- Real-Life Examples
- Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids
- Calorimetry
- Introduction
- Definition: Calorimetry
- Definition: Calorimeter
- Calorimeter
- Law: Principle of Calorimetry
- Experiment: Method of Mixtures
- Derivation of the Calorimetry Equation
- Example
- Key Points: Calorimetry
- Change of State
- Introduction
- Definition: Change of State
- The Six Types of Phase Changes
- Practical Applications
- Key Points: Practical Applications of State
- Analysis of Observation>From Point A to B
- Definition: Melting
- Definition: Freezing
- Definition: Melting Point
- Definition: Freezing Point
- Definition: Solidification
- Heating Ice and Its Changes
- Real-Life Connections
- Analysis of Observation>From Point B to D
- Introduction
- Definition: Vaporisation
- Definition: Condensation
- Definition: Boiling Point
- Real-Life Examples
- Evaporation vs Boiling
- After Point D
- Hotter Than 100 °C
- Evaporation vs Boiling
- Daily Life Examples
- Boiling Point and Pressure
- Activity: Boiling Point & Pressure Experiment
- Boiling of Water at High Altitudes
- Pressure Cooker Speeds Up Cooking
- Key Points: Boiling Point and Pressure
- Sublimation
- Introduction
- Definition: Sublimation
- Experiment: Sublimation
- Phase Diagram
- Introduction
- Definition: Triple Point
- Vaporisation Curve (l–v)
- Fusion Curve (l–s)
- Sublimation Curve (s–v)
- The Triple Point
- Real-Life Examples
- Key Points: Phase Diagram
- Gas and Vapour
- Introduction
- Definition: Critical Temperature
- Definition: Gas
- Definition: Vapour
- Critical Temperatures of Common Substances
- Real-Life Analogies
- Key Points: Gas and Vapour
- Latent Heat
- Introduction
- Definition: Latent Heat
- Definition: Latent Heat of Fusion
- Definition: Latent Heat of Vaporization
- Formula: Latent Heat
- Experiment
- Reference Data Table
- Example
- Key Points: Latent Heat
- Heat Transfer
- Classification
- Key Points: Heat Transfer
- Conduction
- Definition: Conduction
- Definition: Good Conductors of Heat
- Definition: Bad Conductors of Heat
- Law: Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction
- The Experiment
- Mechanism of Conduction
- Real-Life Example
- Key Points: Conduction
- Thermal Conductivity
- Definition: Thermal Conductivity
- Definition: Temperature Gradient
- Definition: Emissivity
- Formula: Temperature Gradient
- Heat Flow Through a Metal Rod
- Variable State vs Steady State
- Key Points: Thermal Conductivity
- Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity
- Experimental Observations
- Definition: Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity
- Formula: Fourier's Law of Conduction
- Expression for k - Its Units and Dimensions
- Rate of Heat Flow
- Differential (Calculus) Form of Fourier's Law
- Key Points: Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity
- Thermal Resistance
- Definition: Thermal Resistance
- Formula: Conduction Rate
- Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity (k)
- Need for Thermal Resistance
- Derivation of Thermal Resistance
- Example
- Key Points: Thermal Resistance
- Applications of Thermal conductivity
- Applications of Thermal Conductivity
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Key Points: Applications of Thermal conductivity
- Convection
- Introduction
- Definition: Convection
- Mechanism of Convection
- Experiment: Convection
- Key Points: Convection
- Application of Convection
- Heating and Cooling of Rooms
- Cooling of Transformers
- Key Points: Application of Convection
- Free and Forced Convection
- Definition: Free (Natural) Convection
- Definition: Forced Convection
- Examples
- Key Points: Free and Forced Convection
- Environmental Issues
- Radiation
- Definition: Radiation
- Activity: Radiation from a Candle
- A Wonder of Science: Infrared Camera
- Law: Stefan–Boltzmann Law
- Experiment: The Relation Between Density and Convection
- Experiment: Black Surfaces and Heat Absorption
- Experiment: Good and Bad Conductors of Heat
- Key Points: Radiation
- Radiation
- Newton’s Law of Cooling
- Introduction
- Experiment
- Graphical Analysis
- Law: Newton's Law of Cooling
- Mathematical Formulation
- Example
- Key Points: Newton’s Law of Cooling
8 Sound [Revision]
- Sound Waves
- Definition: Audible Range of Frequency
- Definition: Ultrasonic
- Definition: Infrasonic
- Definition: Amplitude of the Wave
- Definition: Time Period of the Wave
- Definition: Frequency of the Wave
- Definition: Wavelength
- Definition: Wave Velocity
- Definition: Longitudinal Wave
- Definition: Transverse Wave
- Common Properties of All Waves
- Amplitude
- Wavelength
- Period
- Double Periodicity
- Frequency
- Velocity
- Phase and Phase Difference
- Activity
- Characteristics of Progressive Wave
- Example
- Transverse Waves
- Introduction
- Characteristics
- Longitudinal Waves
- Introduction
- Characteristics
- Mathematical Expression of a Wave
- The Speed of Travelling Waves
- The Speed of Transverse Waves
- Explanation of Transverse Waves
- Formula: Transverse Waves
- The Speed of Longitudinal Waves
- Explanation of Longitudinal Waves
- Table
- Newton's Formula for Velocity of Sound
- Derivation
- Example
- Laplace’s Correction
- Factors Affecting Speed of Sound
- Relationship Between Specific Heats
- Effect of pressure on velocity of sound
- Effect of temperature on speed of sound
- Effect of humidity on speed of sound
- The Speed of Transverse Waves
- Principle of Superposition of Waves
- Echo
- Definition: Echo
- Reverberation
- Introduction
- Explanation
- Acoustics
- Introduction
- Conditions of an Auditorium
- Acoustics observed in nature
- Medical applications of acoustics
- Other applications of acoustics
- Qualities of Sound
- Audible Sound or Human Response to Sound
- Pitch
- Timbre (Sound Quality)
- Loudness
- Example
- Table
- Doppler Effect
- Source Moving and Listener Stationary
- Derivation
- Listener Approaching a Stationary Source with Velocity
- Derivation
- Both Source and Listener are Moving
- Illustations
- Cases
- Common Properties between Doppler Effect of Sound and Light
- Properties
- Major Differences between Doppler Effects of Sound and Light
- Differences
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Source Moving and Listener Stationary
9 Optics [Revision]
- Fundamental Concepts of Light
- Nature of Light
- Ray Optics Or Geometrical Optics
- Cartesian Sign Convention
- Introduction
- Sign Conventions
- Cartesian Sign Convention
- Reflection>Reflection from a Plane Surface
- Images in Plane Mirrors
- Table
- Example
- Reflection>Reflection from Curved Mirrors
- Introduction
- Relation between f, u and v
- Lateral Magnification
- Table
- Example
- Defects or Aberration of Images
- Spherical Aberration
- Parabolic Mirrors
- Refraction of Light
- Total Internal Reflection
- Applications of Total Internal Reflection
- Refraction at a Spherical Surface and Lenses
- Refraction at a Single Spherical Surface
- Analysis
- Derivation
- Example
- Refraction Formula at a Surface
- Lens Makers' Equation
- Derivation
- Special Cases
- Example
- Refraction at a Single Spherical Surface
- Dispersion of Light
- Definition: Dispersion
- Definition: Spectrum
- Key Points: Dispersion of Light
- Analysis of Prism
- Introduction
- Relations between the Angles Involved
- Deviation Curve, Minimum Deviation and Prism Formula
- Example
- Refraction and Prism Formula
- Thin Prisms
- Angular Dispersion and Mean Deviation
- Mean Colour and Prism Formula
- Dispersive Power
- Example
- Some Natural Phenomena Due to Sunlight
- Mirage
- Causes of Mirage Formation
- Rainbow
- The Facts to be Explained
- Conditions Necessary for Formation of a Rainbow
- Optical Phenomena Involved
- Promary Rainbow
- Secondary Rainbow
- Formation and Visibility of Rainbows
- Defects of Lenses
- Introduction
- Chromatic Aberration
- Reducing / Eliminating Chromatic Aberration
- Example
- Spherical Aberration
- Methods to Reduce / Eliminate Spherical Aberration of Lenses
- Optical Instruments
- Simple Microscope or a Reading Glass
- Introduction
- Derivation
- Limiting Cases
- Example
- Compound Microscope
- Introduction
- Derivation
- Remarks
- Example
- Simple Microscope or a Reading Glass
10 Electrostatics [Revision]
- Concept of Electrostatics
- Electric Charge
- Basic Properties of Electric Charge
- Additive Nature of Charge
- Introduction
- Gold Leaf Electroscope
- Quantization of Charge
- Definition: Quantization of Charge
- Analysis
- Example
- Quarks and the Quantization of Charge
- Additive Nature of Charge
- Coulomb’s Law
- Scalar Form of Coulomb’s Law
- Introduction
- Statement
- Analysis
- Permittivity and Dielectrics
- Comparison with Gravitation
- Importance
- Relative Permittivity or Dielectric Constant
- Derivation
- Definition of Unit Charge from the Coulomb’s Law
- Introduction
- Definition: One Columb
- Magnitude of Electric Force Between Two Charges
- Example
- Coulomb's Law in Vector Form
- Derivation
- Example
- Comparison of Gravitational and Electrostatic Forces
- Scalar Form of Coulomb’s Law
- Principle of Superposition
- Electric Field
- Electric Field Intensity Due to a Point-Charge
- Derivation
- Uniform Electric Field
- Non Uniform Electric Field
- Practical Way of Calculating Electric Field
- Derivation
- Example 1
- Small Voltage, Large Electric Field
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Electric Field Intensity Due to a Point-Charge
- Electric Lines of Force
- Definition: Line of Force
- Characteristics of Electric Lines of Force
- Imaginary Lines, Real Uses
- Electric Flux
- Gauss’s Law
- Electric Dipole
- Couple Acting on an Electric Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field
- Derivation
- Example
- Electric Intensity at a Point Due to an Electric Dipole
- Case - 1
- Case - 2
- Couple Acting on an Electric Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field
- Continuous Charge Distribution
11 Electric Current Through Conductors [Revision]
- Electric Current and Its Related Concepts
- Electric Current
- Flow of Current Through a Conductor
- Analysis
- Sign Convention
- Drift Speed
- Introduction
- Direction of Electric Field
- Derivation
- Example 1
- Example2
- Ohm's Law
- Electrical Power
- Definition: Electric Power
- Formula: Electric Power
- Key Points: Electric Power
- Resistors
- Introduction
- Table
- Easy Bytes
- Example
- Rheostat
- Introduction
- As a Current-controller
- As a Potential-divider
- Resistance of a System of Resistors
- Resistors in Parallel
- Key Points: Parallel Combination of Resistors
- Resistors in Parallel
- Specific Resistance or Electrical Resistivity
- Definition: Specific Resistance
- Derivation
- Dimensions of Electrical Resistivity ρ
- Electrical Resistivity in Terms of Material's Parameters
- Specific Conductance
- Variation of Resistance with Temperature
- Derivation
- Concept of Temperature Difference
- Example
- Superconductivity
- Electromotive Force (emf)
- Introduction
- Definition: Electromotive Force
- Formula: Electromotive Force
- Units of Electromotive Force
- Mechanism of Electromotive Force
- Derivation
- Cells in Series
- Cells in Parallel
- Types of Cells
- Explanation
- Example
12 Magnetism [Revision]
- Concept of Magnetism
- Magnetic Lines of Force
- Introduction
- Properties
- Activity
- Formula: Magnetic Field
- Bar Magnet and Solenoid Analogy
- Magnetic Field due to a Bar Magnet
- Derivation
- The Electrostatic Analogue
- Table
- Magnetic Field Due to a Bar Magnet at an Arbitrary Point
- Derivation
- Example
- Magnetic Field due to a Bar Magnet
- Gauss' Law of Magnetism
- Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Fields
- Non-Existence of Magnetic Monopoles
- The Earth’s Magnetism
- Introduction
- Magnetic Axis
- Magnetic Equator
- Geographic Meridian
- Magnetic Meridian
- Magnetic Declination
- Magnetic Inclination or Angle of Dip
- Earth’s Magnetic Field
- Special Cases
- Magnetic Maps of the Earth
- Example 1
- Example 2
13 Electromagnetic Waves and Communication System [Revision]
- Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory
- Waves, Fields, and Fundamental Laws
- Introduction
- Concept of Electromagnetic Waves
- Characteristics of EM Waves
- Characteristics
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Turning an Idea into a Creative Vision
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Example 5
- Example 6
- Characteristics of EM Waves
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Radio Waves
- Introduction
- Properties
- Uses
- Microwaves
- Introduction
- Properties
- Uses
- Infrared waves
- Introduction
- Properties
- Uses
- Visible Light
- Introduction
- Properties
- Earth-Based and Space-Based Telescopes
- Table
- Fluorescence and the Visible Spectrum
- Ultraviolet rays
- Introduction
- Properties
- Uses
- X-rays
- Introduction
- Properties
- Uses
- Gamma Rays
- Introduction
- Properties
- Uses
- Radio Waves
- Propagation of EM Waves
- Introduction
- Ionizing Radiations
- Applications of X-rays in Medicine and Industry
- Ground (surface) Wave
- Analysis
- Space wave
- Introduction
- Derivation
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Sky wave propagation
- Introduction
- Critical Frequency
- Skip Distance (Zone)
- Communication System
- Origin
- Elements of a Communication System
- Classification
- Commonly Used Terms in Electronic Communication System
- Signal
- Transmitter
- Transducer
- Receiver
- Noise
- Attenuation
- Amplification
- Range
- Bandwidth
- Modulation
- Demodulation
- Repeater
- Antenna Requirements and India's Tallest TV Tower
- Modulation
- Introduction
- Amplitude Modulation
- Frequency Modulation
14 Semiconductors [Revision]
- Concept of Semiconductors
- Applications of Science and Technology in Everyday Life
- Introduction
- Electrical Conduction in Solids
- Introduction
- Conductors
- Insulators
- Semiconductors
- Table
- Concept of Electrical Conductivity
- Classification of Semiconductors
- Band Theory of Solids
- Formation of Energy Bands in Solids
- Valence Band
- Conduction Band
- Table
- Intrinsic Semiconductor
- Extrinsic Semiconductor
- Charge neutrality of extrinsic semiconductors
- Analysis
- Charge neutrality of extrinsic semiconductors
- Diode or p-n Junction
- Basics of Semiconductor Devices
- Introduction
- Comparison between N-Type Semiconductor and P- Type Semiconductor
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Applications of Semiconductors and P-n Junction Diode
- Introduction
- Solar Cell
- Photo Resistor
- Bi-polar Junction Transistor
- Photodiode
- LED
- Solid State Laser
- Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Thermistor
- Analysis
- Electric and Electronic Devices
