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Isomerism

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Estimated time: 5 minutes
  • Definition: Isomers
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Isomers

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula are known as Isomers and the phenomenon is known as Isomerism. (iso = same, meros = parts).

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Types of Isomerism

1. Structural Isomerism

Same molecular formula but different connectivity (bonding) of atoms.

Types:

  1. Chain isomerism: Different carbon skeleton (straight/branched)
  2. Position isomerism: Functional group at different positions
  3. Functional isomerism: Different functional groups (e.g., alcohol vs ether)
  4. Metamerism: Different alkyl groups on either side of same functional group
  5. Tautomerism: Dynamic equilibrium between two forms (keto ↔ enol)

2. Stereoisomerism

Same molecular formula and bonding but different spatial arrangement.

Types:

I. Geometrical isomerism:

  • Due to restricted rotation (double bond)
  • Forms cis (same side) and trans (opposite side)

II. Optical isomerism:

  • Mirror image isomers (enantiomers)
  • Show optical activity (rotate plane polarized light)

Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [26]

Compounds with same molecular formula but differing in their structures are said to be structural isomers. What type of structural isomerism is shown by

CH3 – S – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

And 

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.....................}\ce{CH3}\\
\phantom{................}/\\
\phantom{}\ce{CH3 - S - CH}\\
\phantom{...............}\backslash\\
\phantom{....................}\ce{CH3}
\end{array}\]

The correct stereochemical name of

What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?

Find out the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pair.

Which of the following reactions will not produce a racemic product?

In which of the following, functional group isomerism is not possible?

Write IUPAC name of the product obtained by the ozonolysis of the following compound:

2-Ethylbut-1-ene 

Which of the following pairs are not functional group isomers?

I. \[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.......................}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{.......................}||\\
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - C - H}
\end{array}\]
II. \[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.................}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{.................}||\\
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - C - H}
\end{array}\]
III. \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - C - CH2 - CH3}\\
\phantom{}||\\
\phantom{}\ce{O}
\end{array}\]
IV. \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - C - H}\\
\phantom{...}|\phantom{............}||\phantom{}\\
\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.........}\ce{O}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]

(i) II and III

(ii) II and IV

(iii) I and IV

(iv) I and II

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