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अभ्यासक्रम

Human Nervous System

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Topics

  • Introduction
  • Components of Nervous System
  • Need of Nervous System
  • Key Points: Human Nervous System
Maharashtra State Board: Class 5

Introduction:

The nervous system connects the brain to all parts of the body through a network of nerves. Nerves carry messages between the brain and different parts of the body. The brain sends instructions to the body, and the body sends information back to the brain. The brain and the network of nerves are together called the nervous system. The nervous system helps us coordinate all our body functions, like moving, feeling, and reacting to things.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 5

Components of Nervous System:

The nervous system in humans can be divided into three main parts
1. Central Nervous System: The central nervous system comprises the brain and the spinal cord. The brain controls all the functions in the human body. The spinal cord is the relay channel for signals between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.

2. Peripheral Nervous System: The peripheral nervous system comprises the cranial and spinal nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which come out of the brain and go to the organs in the head region. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which come out of the spinal cord and go to the organs below the head region.

3. Autonomous Nervous System: The autonomous nervous system comprises a chain of nerve ganglions that run along the spinal cord. It controls all the involuntary actions in the human body. The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two parts :

  • Sympathetic Nervous System: It is a part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for action by increasing the activity of certain organs. For example, during exercise like running, it increases the heart rate and breathing rate to supply more oxygen to the body, helping meet the increased demand. It activates the "fight or flight" response during stressful or active situations.
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System: It is a part of the autonomic nervous system that helps the body relax and conserve energy by slowing down organ activity. For example, during sleep, it reduces the heart rate and breathing rate, promoting rest and recovery. It is often called the "rest and digest" system, as it supports relaxation and energy conservation.
     

Human nervous system

Maharashtra State Board: Class 9

Need of Nervous System:

  1. The nervous system's basic function is to send signals between cells or different parts of the body.
  2. Signals can be sent through hormones (chemical signals) or through neurons (specific point-to-point connections).
  3. Neurons send signals much faster and with greater precision compared to hormones, with some nerve signals travelling over 100 meters per second.
  4. The nervous system controls the body by gathering information from the environment through sensory receptors, processing it in the central nervous system, and sending signals to muscles or glands for appropriate responses.
  5. This system enables advanced abilities like vision, quick organ coordination, and integrated signal processing in animals.
  6. In humans, it supports complex functions like language, abstract thinking, social interactions, cultural development, and advanced perception, made possible by the highly evolved brain.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Human Nervous System

  1. Receptors in sense organs detect changes in the environment and send signals to the brain through neurons.
  2. A neuron consists of dendrites, cell body, and axon, which help in receiving and transmitting electrical impulses.
  3. The electrical impulse travels from the dendrite to the axon terminal and then is passed to the next neuron or target cell.
  4. At the synapse, special chemicals help transmit the impulse to another neuron or to a muscle or gland.
  5. A neuromuscular junction allows the nerve impulse to reach a muscle fibre, causing it to contract and respond.
 

Video Tutorials

We have provided more than 1 series of video tutorials for some topics to help you get a better understanding of the topic.

Series 1


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Shaalaa.com | Control & Co-ordination part 11 (Nervous System: Introduction)

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Shaalaa.com


Control & Co-ordination part 11 (Nervous System: Introduction) [00:09:31]
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Series: series 1
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Control & Co-ordination part 11 (Nervous System: Introduction)
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Control & Co-ordination part 12 ( Porifera, Coelentrata, Platyhelminthes)
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Control & Co-ordination part 13 ( Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda)
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Control & Co-ordination part 14 (Nervous system: Mollusoca, Echinodermata)
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Control & Co-ordination part 15 (Nervous system, Structure of neurons)
00:09:51  undefined
Control & Co-ordination part 16 (Impulse condition by neurons)
00:06:30  undefined
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