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प्रश्न
Number the points.
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उत्तर
1. Storage of energy from sun in coal and petroleum
2. Deposit of bulk supplies 200-600 million years ago
3. Abundance of microscopic forms of life in tropical conditions
4. Death of microscopic life forms leading to recycling through decay
5. Prevention of total decomposition by significant amount of dead plants and animals being covered with mud
6. Hardening of sediments, over the years, led to rock-formation
7. Production of coal, petroleum by compression of matter between rocks
8. Unsuitability of present-day conditions for coal-formation
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words. (3)
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title.
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words.
Read the following extract and answer the questions given below:
If you do not get lowered in your own eyes
While you raise yourself in those of others,
If you do not give in to gossips and lies
Rather heed them not, saying, 'who bothers?'
You may be the person I am looking for.
If you crave not for praise when you win
And look not for sympathy while you lose,
If cheers let not your head toss or spin
And after a set-back, you offer no excuse,
You may be the person I and looking for.
(1) What should be your reaction towards gossips and lies?
(2) Who are your role models? Why?
(3) Give the rhyming pairs of words from the first stanza.
(4) Which line is repeated in this extract and what is its effect?
After the convocation, Mrs. Mini, Rahul’s mother and Rahul have a conversation. Write the conversation and present it to the class in groups of three.
Describe the shifts in the narration of the events as indicated in the three sections of the text. Give a subtitle to each section.
We 'draw up a deed'. Complete the following phrase with an appropriate word.
________one's will
How has the author linked the symbol of the rocking-horse to Paul's triumphs at the races?
What facet of political life does the behaviour of Ajamil illustrate?
The tone of the poet is sarcastic. When he writes ‘All spaces are gridded filled with permutations of possibilities’ he intends to indicate the efforts made by the planner to exploit every available piece of land without any consideration of harming nature or violating attachments of people to places. Make pairs/groups and find out some more sarcastic lines having the same effect.
Match the professions with the field of work.
| Profession | Field of work | ||
| (1) | Chief Minister | (a) | Business |
| (2) | Magistrate | (b) | Transport |
| (3) | Soldier | (c) | Construction |
| (4) | Trader | (d) | Administration |
| (5) | Builder | (e) | Education |
| (6) | Driver | (f) | Defence |
| (7) | Teacher | (g) | Law |
Fill in the gap, choosing a word from the bracket to make an appropriate comparison.
(tall / quiet / humble / merry / busy / slippery / fast / sly / slow / big)
as ______ as an elephant
Describe the following with the help of the story.
Thiruvalluvar
Read aloud with the leader: Form groups of five. Read the passage aloud in groups. The leader begins every sentence and stops after a few words. The other members complete the sentence, reading it aloud in the chorus.
Form groups and hold debates on the following topics. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each)
You should admit your mistakes.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What does the man who misses all the fun do?
Hold a mock trial for the following offence. There should be a complainant, a defendant, and lawyers to argue the case on behalf of them. The whole class can vote to pass the judgment. On what occasions will you plead for justice? What punishment will you suggest? When will you plead for mercy?
A poor man stole some ornaments from a rich girl.
Choose a 'question' through your own observation. Try to follow the scientific method to find the answer to that question. Take the help of your teacher/parents to set up the experiment.
Recite the poem with proper rhythm and intonation.
Read the passage and name the following.
He persuaded Helen to elope with him.
Many changes had occurred on the earth in the hundred years before Sayali’s trip to the moon.
Write the rhyme scheme of the poem (Autumn).
How does the following character in the story live up to their name? Provide points from the story.
Teshumai Tewindrow
Write in your own words.
What message does the poem convey?
Correct the following sentence and rewrite it.
The best shoes that Papa Panov had made were a pair of lady’s shoes.
Guess the meaning of the following word.
barefoot
Write other meaningful words that begin/end with anywhere.
What did Ahmad tell Kasim when he dug a channel and began to draw water?
Find a word that has a similar meaning.
Whole
Were the policemen willing to leave the house?
What are the three rules given by the bird?
Read the incident again and answer the following question.
When did the writer remember the fact that he had to buy something for Mr. Gilson?
Look at the following situations the writer was in. He could have avoided the situation and saved himself. Glance through the write up again and comment on what the writer should have done in the following situations.
- Gilson asked the writer to bring a tie.
- On the day of arrival, the writer had no time to think about the tie.
- The writer remembered about the tie when the bus was leaving for the airport.
- The writer walked down in search of the shop.
- The writer rushed out with the tie in a paper bag.
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
Nothing goes right with the folks you meet
Down on that gloomy Complaining Street.
- What is the opinion about the folks you meet down the street?
- What does the word ‘gloomy’ mean here?
Which gift did Anne value the most?
Tom lay thinking. Presently it occurred to him that he wished he was sick; then he could stay home from school. He examined himself. He found no symptoms or sickness, and he investigated again. This time he felt he had a stomach ache, but it soon grew feeble, and presently died wholly away. He reflected further.
Why did Tom wish that he were sick?
What did Usha buy in the market? List them.
What scared Usha during the dark rainy night?
What do you infer about speaking with others from this poem?
Look at the number pattern. Fill the blank in the middle of the series or end of the series.
QPO, NML, KJI, ______, EDC
Everyone in the ship started to pray because ______.
Read the poem aloud in pairs.
How can you balance your academic goals and your passion for sports or arts?
Choose the picture for the passage.
| Our national emblem is taken from Ashoka’s pillar at Sarnath. It is found on all government documents, coins, currency notes, postcards, and envelopes. It consists of four lions standing back to back but, we can see only three lions at a time. There is a Dharma chakra in the centre of the base plate, with the figure of a bull in the right and that of a horse in the left. The entire structure is sitting on a lotus. The words ‘Sathyameva Jayate’ is written under it in Devanagari script. These words mean, ‘Truth alone Triumphs’. |
What robot will you make? Why?
What wins the hearts?
His father wanted him to do well in ______.
Match the rhyming words.
| mars | crime |
| bed | cars |
| time | head |
Write the word under the correct group and divide it.
bullet
candle
bat
title
ball
tiffin
 |
 |
 |
Fill in the blank
Do you like apple______ orange?
Who brought us to this world?
Name the character or speaker.
"Do you have a fever?"
Kamali gave her savings to______.
How long did the competition take to reach the final?
Appa weaves beautiful sarees with______.
Write the word with same meaning.
Sink
What is the one thing you will try and improve after reading the story? How?
Are these sentence TRUE or FALSE
The poet says that stars will always shine at night.
Enact any one anecdote in the classroom.
