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प्रश्न
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
The methods of inquiry of history, science, and philosophy are similar.
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उत्तर
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In favour of the motion |
Against the motion |
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The methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. In the story The Adventure one can find the perspectives of History, Philosophy, and Science converging towards a focal point. History employs the methods of observation, analysis, and rationalism in understanding the course of past events. Science is based on observation, experimentation, and analysis. Rationalism is the most fundamental principle that Science follows. Philosophy is thoroughly critical in methodology. Philosophy examines everything including the assumptions and methodology of science and other disciplines like History. In the story, The Adventure History, Science, and Philosophy converge. Prof. Gaitonde experienced an altogether different version of the outcome of the Battle of Panipat. Contrary to the version as provided in History textbooks, the Marathas emerged as victorious in this battle. Prof. Gaitonde tried to understand this rationally but he failed to get any clue. In this context, Rajendra intervened to explain this phenomenon in the light of the Catastrophic theory which is being employed by Physicists in understanding the behaviour of atoms. Here we find Science and History converging. A similar perspective is seen in Philosophy that truth is relative and not absolute. In fact, the philosophical movement of post Modernism is based on this. In other words, the methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. |
It is a misnomer that the methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. The similarity is at a superficial level and not at the core. In the story, The Adventure Rajendra tried to rationalise the experience of Prof Gaitonde by applying the Catastrophic theory. But this explanation is not convincing though it convinced the professor. Catastrophic theory can best explain the phenomenon of the physical world but History deals with the behavioural world. It is concerned with the behaviour of society and individuals. The methods of inquiry will also vary accordingly. The method of inquiry of Philosophy is speculative. Philosophy even questions rationalism. Philosophy is highly critical of the methods of Science and History. In other words, the methods of History, Science, and Philosophy are not similar. The story The Adventure by Jayant Vishnu Narlikar is, in fact, a science fiction that is trying to show the convergence of Science History and Philosophy. In reality, the three disciplines, namely, Science, History, and Philosophy have to employ different methodologies of inquiry vis-a-vis the subject matter. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
We sang our school fight song dozens of times – en route to Arlington National cemetery, and even on an afternoon cruise down the Potomac River. We visited the Lincoln Memorial twice, once in day – light, the second time at dusk. My classmates and I fell silent as we walked in the shadows of those 36 marble columns, one for every state in the Union that Lincoln laboured to preserve. I stood next to Frank at the base of the 19 foot seated statue. Spotlights made the white Georgian marble seem to glow. Together we read famous words from Lincoln’s speech at Gettysburg remembering the most bloody battle in the war between the status : “………….we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom………..”
As Frank motioned me into place to take my picture, I took one last look at Lincoln’s face. He seemed alive and so terribly sad.
The next morning I understand a little better why he wasn’t smiling. “Clifton,” a chaperone said, “could I see you for a moment?”
(1) When did the boys visit Lincoln Memorial?
(2) What made the Georgian marble glow?
(3) What did the words: “………. We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom …………” remind them?
(4) Do you believe in building memorials? What kind should they be, if your answer is ‘yes’? If no, give reasons why you do not believe in memorials?
How did Helen benefit when Dr. Graham Bell accompanied her to the World Fair?
Answer the following in 200-250 words :
What are Helen's opinions about examinations?
Mention the three phases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother before he left the country to study abroad.
Notice these expression in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
ducking back
Give reasons for the following statement.
The author thought that his positive thinking strategy worked well after all.
In which language do you think Gangadharpant and Khan Sahib talked to each other? Which language did Gangadharpant use to talk to the English receptionist?
What impressions of Shahid do you gather from the piece?
How does 'A Kondh Song' substantiate the tribal urge to gain domination over time by conversing with their dead ancestors?
What causes the element of surprise when the child comes on the scene of 'adult reconciling'?
Interpret these phrases in the context of the essay
- Mist of protection
- At a crossroads
- It came with strings attached
Answer in your own words.
Why did the old man have no need to build the bridge, across the chasm?
Write the Rhyming word and Scheme of the 2nd stanza.
“Old man,” said a fellow pilgrim near,
“Why waste your time in building here?
Your journey ends with the close of the day You never again will pass this way.
You have crossed the chasm deep and wide Why build ye here at even tide?”
‘Never mind faded forests, Austin’. The word ‘faded’ means to become dim or faint. The word describes the forests that have become faint or dim in appearance. Now go through the poem again and complete the table.
| Describing word | Object | Explanation |
| 1. faded | forests | The forests have become faint or dim in appearance. |
| 2. silent | ||
| 3. unfading | ||
| 4. bright |
A bridge connects people on either side of a river or valleys in cities or villages. Discuss with your partner the importance of a bridge to both the cities and the villages and complete the table.
| Cities | Villages |
‘The city now, doth, like garment wear’. The poet imagines that the city is wearing a beautiful garment. Hence, the figure of speech is personification. Find out more examples of personification from the poem.
Fill in the gap, choosing a word from the bracket to make an appropriate comparison.
(tall / quiet / humble / merry / busy / slippery / fast / sly / slow / big)
as ______ as a lark
Read aloud with the leader: Form groups of five. Read the passage aloud in groups. The leader begins every sentence and stops after a few words. The other members complete the sentence, reading it aloud in the chorus.
Write about the various wheel-like objects you see at home, in school, and on the road.
Gather information about your favourite great historical personality. You may use the internet. You may also gather photographs, pictures, etc. Prepare a collage using the pictures, inspirational quotes, and a brief description of the person’s importance. Hold an exhibition of your collages in the classroom.
Fill in the table.
| Period | Way of Addressing a Mother | Boy’s Costume | Lady’s Costume | Daily Chores | Games |
| The 1950s | silk saree | ||||
| 1910 | Kurta pajama and cap | ||||
| The 1800s | |||||
| The 1500s | |||||
| 1000 | |||||
| 100 AD | feed poultry tend sheep keep away birds plaster the yard | ||||
| 3000 BC | Chaupar |
Answer in your own words.
Why does a mother tell Neel about his Grandpa?
Describe the following with the help of the (The Twelve Months) story.
Summer
What common qualities did the three brothers have?
Find two examples of the following from the lesson.
A Question
The poem has rhyming words at the end of the lines. Find and write the pairs of rhyming words in each stanza.
List the characters in the story and write a few lines about each of them.
Read the following.
- Skipper: captain of a ship or boat.
- Dipper: This word has two meanings. Dipper means a container for taking out water. Also, there are two constellations called Little Dipper (Little Bear) and Big Dipper (Big Bear) in the sky.
- Milky Way: The band of light consisting of stars that spreads across the sky at night.
Find out what 'Braille' is.
What happened to the young seagull when it landed on the green sea?
____________ had provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions.
Identify the character or speaker.
Now pray tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea-storm?
Gilson asked the narrator to buy a tie.
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
Nothing goes right with the folks you meet
Down on that gloomy Complaining Street.
- What is the opinion about the folks you meet down the street?
- What does the word ‘gloomy’ mean here?
| soft | vain | fear | joy | love | heard | toiled | mild | good | sand | life | harsh |
The ______, the______, which it may bring.
when to fight for a righteous cause
one did gain considerable applause.
When will one get an applause?
Read the lines and answer the questions.
And in fighting for their country, faith and king
noble impressions on people’s minds would ring
- What does ‘noble impression’ mean?
- Who can leave a noble impression?
Turtles come ashore to lay eggs
Selvi asked, 'Did they come in an aeroplane?' because she______.
What made the trip a memorable one?
Why did Yazhini want to join the military?
Brain of a robot is the______.
What wins the hearts?
What is your hobby?
The hen-pigeon got dry _______ for the bird catcher.
Name the character or speaker.
“How did I win the competition with a single stroke?”
How did he win the match?
Identify the character/speaker.
He bought a new fish tank.
What did the archer want to show to the crowd?
Divide the following word.
circle
Which disaster had hit the village?
Did Nandhini have fever?
Leafcutter ants grow fungus.
The villagers took oath not to harm the _______.
Fill in the blank
Name the things that good merchant offered for the plate
What did Nasruddin boast about?
Choose the right word.
“Eat the leaves of the tamarind tree, and you’ll also sing like ______.
Read the poem.
For Want of a Nail
For want of a nail, the shoe was lost,
For want of a shoe the horse was lost,
For want of a horse, the rider was lost,
For want of a rider, the battle was lost,
For want of a battle, the kingdom was lost,
And all for the want of a horseshoe nail!
[traditional rhyme]
Now form questions for the answers given in the speech bubbles.
The passage given below is on Kabbadi. Read the passage and complete the activities that follow.
Kabbadi (கபடி - in Tamil) is a contact team sport that originated in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is also popular in South Asia and is the state game of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, and Telangana.
Kabbadi is played between two teams of seven players: the objective of the game is for a single player on offence referred to as a 'raider', to run in to the opposing teams half of a court, tag out as many of their defenders as possible, and return to their own half of the court–all without being tackled by the defenders. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are tagged or tackled, but can be 'revived' for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle. The raider should hold his breath and utter the words like 'kabbadi kabbadi, hututu hututu, chadu kudu' etc. while the opponents try to catch him. If he stops uttering these words, he is considered out.
The game is known by its regional names in different parts of the subcontinent, such as Kabbadi or Chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh, Kabbadi in Kerala and Telangana, Hadudu in Bangladesh, Bhavatik in Maldives, Kauddi or Kabbadi in the Punjab Region, Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India and Hu-Do-Do in Eastern India and Chadakudu in South India. The highest governing body of Kabbadi is the International Kabbadi Federation.
Given below is the visual presentation of the first paragraph.
i) Represent the other paragraphs in a visual form of your choice(flow chart, mind-map, pie-chart, etc.).
ii) Choose the correct option.
1. A contact sport usually involves a ______contact between players.
- violent
- gentle
- physical
2. Kabbadi is a game played between ______.
- seven teams of two players
- two teams of seven players
- four teams of seven players
3. A single ______.
- player on offence is referred to as a raider
- offence is referred to as a raider
- raider is an offence by the player
iii) Answer the following.
- How does a raider score points for his team?
- When does a raider concede a point to the opponent team?
- Can a player be revived when he/she is out of the game? Explain your answer.
- Kabbadi is called by different names in different parts of India. Do you know how Pallankuzhi is called in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala?
