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प्रश्न
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
The methods of inquiry of history, science, and philosophy are similar.
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उत्तर
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In favour of the motion |
Against the motion |
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The methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. In the story The Adventure one can find the perspectives of History, Philosophy, and Science converging towards a focal point. History employs the methods of observation, analysis, and rationalism in understanding the course of past events. Science is based on observation, experimentation, and analysis. Rationalism is the most fundamental principle that Science follows. Philosophy is thoroughly critical in methodology. Philosophy examines everything including the assumptions and methodology of science and other disciplines like History. In the story, The Adventure History, Science, and Philosophy converge. Prof. Gaitonde experienced an altogether different version of the outcome of the Battle of Panipat. Contrary to the version as provided in History textbooks, the Marathas emerged as victorious in this battle. Prof. Gaitonde tried to understand this rationally but he failed to get any clue. In this context, Rajendra intervened to explain this phenomenon in the light of the Catastrophic theory which is being employed by Physicists in understanding the behaviour of atoms. Here we find Science and History converging. A similar perspective is seen in Philosophy that truth is relative and not absolute. In fact, the philosophical movement of post Modernism is based on this. In other words, the methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. |
It is a misnomer that the methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. The similarity is at a superficial level and not at the core. In the story, The Adventure Rajendra tried to rationalise the experience of Prof Gaitonde by applying the Catastrophic theory. But this explanation is not convincing though it convinced the professor. Catastrophic theory can best explain the phenomenon of the physical world but History deals with the behavioural world. It is concerned with the behaviour of society and individuals. The methods of inquiry will also vary accordingly. The method of inquiry of Philosophy is speculative. Philosophy even questions rationalism. Philosophy is highly critical of the methods of Science and History. In other words, the methods of History, Science, and Philosophy are not similar. The story The Adventure by Jayant Vishnu Narlikar is, in fact, a science fiction that is trying to show the convergence of Science History and Philosophy. In reality, the three disciplines, namely, Science, History, and Philosophy have to employ different methodologies of inquiry vis-a-vis the subject matter. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel
With mended glass, life bottle bits on stones.
(b) Explain: 'slag heap'.
(c) What future awaits these children?
(d) Name the figure of speech used in the third line.
Answer the following question in 120 – 150 words:
How do you perceive Dr. Kemp based on his interaction with Griffin ? (The Invisible Man)
Read the passage and complete the activities given below :
B1 Pick out
The correct answers from the statements given below:
B2 Fill in the gaps with the information given in the passage :
Read the following passage carefully and complete the activities given below :
A.1) Complete the web :
Write the words from the passage on the web. 
We saw small bits of grass peeping through the small cracks in concrete pavement. It left us thinking: however impossible things may look, there is always an opening…………
We saw a tree bare of all leaves in the cold winter months. We thought its chapter was over. But three months passed, spring set in and the tree was back to its green majesty once again, full of leaves, flowers, birds, and life. What if we too had the conviction that, however difficult things are right now, it will not remain so forever. Remember, this too shall pass.
We saw an army of ants lugging a fly which was at least ten times the ant’s size. The ants organized themselves around the fly, lifted it on frail feelers and carried it to quite a distance. Their teamwork and perseverance were impressive. What if we too are consistent, organized, focused ……… Spider webs are delicate, yet very strong. A rainbow colors the entire sky. Oysters take in a grain of sand they open up with a pearl. Innumerable stars shine across the infinite sky. Clouds take new shapes with every passing moment. The wind makes trees dance with unhindered passion. Water, without a hint of ego, changes its form according to the dictates of the sun and the wind. When we see a caterpillar turn into a butterfly, a flower turns into a fruit, we experience the alchemy of nature ………. We touch it and become gold ourselves.
A.2) Finding meanings :
Write what you mean by :
(i) _______ there is always an opening.
(ii) _______ its chapter was over.
(iii) _______ the tree was back to its green majesty.
(iv) _______ this too shall pass.
A.3) Matching :
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their synonyms in Column ‘B’:
| Column 'A' | Column'B" | ||
| (i) | conviction | (a) | strong feeling |
| (ii) | alchemy | (b) | delicate |
| (iii) | frail | (c) | mysterious/magical power |
| (iv) | passion | (d) | strong belief |
A.4) Language study :
Rewrite the sentence using the correct question tag given in the brackets :
(i) Water changes its form. (does it?, do it?, do they?, doesn’t it)
(ii) However impossible things may look, there is always an opening. (Rewrite using ‘but’)
A.5) Personal Response :
Nature is the best teacher. Explain.
Read the following passage and do the given activities:
A.1) True or False
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) The patient stirred and looked about in cheerful anticipation
(ii) The patient’s wife wanted to know the truth …………
The lady went away to the kitchen. She felt restless. She felt she must know the truth whatever it was. Why was the great man so evasive? The suspense was unbearable. Perhaps he could not speak so near the patient’s bed. She beckoned to him from the kitchen doorway.
The doctor rose and went over. She asked, “What about him now? How is he?” The doctor bit his lips and replied, looking at the floor, “Don’t get excited. Unless you must know about it, don’t ask now.” Her eyes opened wide in terror. She clasped her hands together and implored, “Tell me the truth.” The doctor replied, “I would rather not talk to you now.” He turned around and went back to his chair. terrible wailing shot through the still house; the patient stirred and looked about in bewilderment. The doctor got up again, went over to the kitchen door, drew it in securely and shut off the wail.
A.2) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Her eyes opened wide in terror.
(ii) The lady went away to the kitchen.
A.3) How, according to you, should the nature of the doctor be?
Look for a story, a poem and a newspaper article on environment conservation and see how the style of each is different from the other.
There is mention of three communities in the story: the Marathas, the Mughals, the Anglo-Indians. Which language do you think they used within their communities and while speaking to the other groups?
Tick the item that is closest in meaning to the following phrase.
to stand on one's feet
Why does Russell call the three passions 'simple'?
'New Literature' is a misnomer for the wealth of the Indian Literary tradition. How does G. N. Devy explain this?
What are the unpleasant aspects of the human condition that the poet wants to escape from?
Find from the story one word for the following.
any animal that catches mice ______
Read the story and complete the following.
Revathi was confident of proving her ownership of her pot of plants because, ____________.
Answer in your own words.
Read and write down 5 points which prove that Tomba, (Lanthoi’s father) firmly believes in gender equality.
Read the poem aloud and you will find some old outdated words that we do not use in the everyday language now.
However, some writers/poets use them to impart an old-fashioned flavour to suit the background of their write-up. Such words are called Archaic words.
Give the modern words for the archaic words from the poem.
- thy
- being
- bestow'd
- thee
- thou
- cans't
Fill in the web with words related to 'Surgery'.
Pick out dialogue of Tenali Raman that proves that he had the following quality.
Wit and wisdom
What characteristics are needed to be a good player of Kabaddi? What should you do to develop each? Discuss this in groups of 5 and write a composition on it.
Visit a library:
Find and read the biography of your favourite scientist.
Start a collection of new and interesting words. Write the words in colored ink on cards of equal size and arrange them in alphabetical order. Try to use the words in your writing or conversation from time to time.
Discuss what makes the following sentences funny.
- Your wasted time will be refunded.
- There was no highway attached to the booth.
Read the passage. Underline the new words. Guess their meaning from the context. Verify it from a good dictionary.
Prepare a table to show 'Caesar’s Pranks' at home and outside.
Pick out three examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the poem.
Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.
| Interrogation | Explanation |
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
| (3) |
Read: ‘The Psalm of Life’- a poem by H. W. Longfellow.
What plans did the wife make?
What did Gopal Bhand say he was doing?
Name the following.
Pounced on Dhyan Chand and hurt him.
Write any one of these stories, not as told by Gulliver, but by some other person.
Form groups of 5-8 and list the following.
Bad habits
Do you agree with the poet’s thoughts? Why?
Write a short note on ‘money’.
What does the poet want to know from the goldfish?
What part did Anne Sullivan play in Helen’s life?
____________ had provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions.
Why had Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea?
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
| And so it were wisest to keep our feet From wandering into Complaining Street; |
- What is the wisest thing that the poet suggests?
- What does the phrase ‘to keep our feet from wandering’ refer to?
Read the poem and fill in the blanks with the correct option.
It is better far to rule by ______, than ______.
- soft
- vain
- fear
- joy
- love
- heard
- toiled
- mild
- good
- sand
- life
- harsh
Find out the rhyme scheme employed in the fourth stanza.
Read the sentences and number them in correct order.
|
1. He wished to have Gopal with him. |
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2. Salim felt that it should come from within. |
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| 3. He thought he wouldn’t be able to finish it. | |
| 4. The old man worked tirelessly on the sculpture. | |
| 5. He realized that Gopal must learn to carve the finer details. | |
| 6. He had a strong wish to finish it in time. | |
| 7. Over days, he felt very weak. |
Vasantha made a lot of noise because ______
What did Grandmother feel about trees growing in the house?
Complete the sentence given below with word/phrase.
The wild dogs came to the spot to catch______.
Read the passage three times and colour a bull for each time.
Mr. Murugan is a farmer. He has a small piece of land and two bulls. He takes good care of his bulls as they help him in farming. Every morning, he takes the bulls for grazing. When it rains he ploughs the land with the bulls. As he has no one to help he starts sowing the seed before sunrise. He irrigates the crop till it grows. He reaps and binds the crop then takes it to thrash the paddy. Finally, with the help of the bulls, he takes the paddy to his house.
Vicky decided to______ the robot at the end.
It never takes ______ and ______.
Anitha shares her experience about______.
Look at the picture and Choose the correct word.
Who is the guest?
Who was Akilan’s inspiration?
What was their new hobby?
______hem the border.
All the children wished to go to the______.
______ lies stretching in the river.
What was the reason behind Nandhini’s dullness?
If we didn’t have boundaries, we don’t need _______.
The villagers took oath not to harm the _______.
Secondly the greedy merchant is ready to offer______.
Name the things that good merchant offered for the plate
What did Pinocchio say in the end?
