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प्रश्न
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
The methods of inquiry of history, science, and philosophy are similar.
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उत्तर
|
In favour of the motion |
Against the motion |
|
The methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. In the story The Adventure one can find the perspectives of History, Philosophy, and Science converging towards a focal point. History employs the methods of observation, analysis, and rationalism in understanding the course of past events. Science is based on observation, experimentation, and analysis. Rationalism is the most fundamental principle that Science follows. Philosophy is thoroughly critical in methodology. Philosophy examines everything including the assumptions and methodology of science and other disciplines like History. In the story, The Adventure History, Science, and Philosophy converge. Prof. Gaitonde experienced an altogether different version of the outcome of the Battle of Panipat. Contrary to the version as provided in History textbooks, the Marathas emerged as victorious in this battle. Prof. Gaitonde tried to understand this rationally but he failed to get any clue. In this context, Rajendra intervened to explain this phenomenon in the light of the Catastrophic theory which is being employed by Physicists in understanding the behaviour of atoms. Here we find Science and History converging. A similar perspective is seen in Philosophy that truth is relative and not absolute. In fact, the philosophical movement of post Modernism is based on this. In other words, the methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. |
It is a misnomer that the methods of inquiry of History, Science, and Philosophy are similar. The similarity is at a superficial level and not at the core. In the story, The Adventure Rajendra tried to rationalise the experience of Prof Gaitonde by applying the Catastrophic theory. But this explanation is not convincing though it convinced the professor. Catastrophic theory can best explain the phenomenon of the physical world but History deals with the behavioural world. It is concerned with the behaviour of society and individuals. The methods of inquiry will also vary accordingly. The method of inquiry of Philosophy is speculative. Philosophy even questions rationalism. Philosophy is highly critical of the methods of Science and History. In other words, the methods of History, Science, and Philosophy are not similar. The story The Adventure by Jayant Vishnu Narlikar is, in fact, a science fiction that is trying to show the convergence of Science History and Philosophy. In reality, the three disciplines, namely, Science, History, and Philosophy have to employ different methodologies of inquiry vis-a-vis the subject matter. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer any six of the following questions in 30‒40 words:
(a) Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless?
(b) Why did the peddler derive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rattrap?
(c) How is Mukesh different from the other bangle makers of Firozabad?
(d) What tempted Franz to stay away from school?
(e) Why did the maharaja ban tiger hunting in the state?
(f) How was the skunk's story different from the other stories narrated by Jack?
(g) Which words of her brother made a deep impression on Bama?
Read the following extract and then do all the activities that follow :
I rain into a stranger as he passed by
“Oh, excuse me please” was my reply.
He said, “please excuse me too; wasn't even watching for you.”
We were very polite, this stranger and I.
We went on out way and we said good-bye.
But at home a different story is told.
How we treat out loved ones, young and old.
Later that day, cooking the evening meal,
My daughter stood beside me very still.
When I turned, I nearly knoked her down.
“Move out of the way,” I said with a frown.
She walked away, her little heart broken.
I didn't realize how harshly I'd spoken.
While I lay awake in bed,
God's still small voice came to me and said,
“While Dealing with a stranger, common courtesy you use,
But children you love, you seem to abuse.”
A1. Order-
The incidents narrated in the extract are arranged in a jumbled manner here, Rearrange them in a proper order as they occur in the extract:
(i) The poet and the stranger went on their way saying good-bye.
(ii) Seeking excuse politely from the stranger, she went her way.
(iii) The poet ran into a stranger on the road.
(iv) The poet yelled at her daughter.
A2. Poetic device:
Make a list of rhyming pairs from the second stanza and note down the rhyme scheme of the same stanza.
A3. Personal Response:
Understanding and politeness are the essentials of out everyday life. Explain your views in brief.
A4. Creativity -
Frame two poetic lines on the following situation using a rhyming pattern with the help of clues given:
“While introducing great personalities, we praise them highly and talk about their qualities, but while speaking
about our friends we may not follow the same trend.”
While introducing great personalities, — a
------------------------------------ — a
But while speaking about our friends, — b
------------------------------------ — b
How do chimps drink water from the waterholes?
Notice these expression in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
careered down
Give reasons for the following statement.
The author was disappointed with Darchen.
Tick the statement that is true.
The story hinges on a particular historical event.
Why do you think Professor Gaitonde decided never to preside over meetings again?
The story is divided into pre-war and post-war times. What hardships do you think the girl underwent during these times?
Identify instances in the story that show the business acumen of Ramanand.
There lies a great difference between text book medicine and the world of practising physician. Discuss.
Why does Russell call the three passions 'simple'?
Rearrange the following events as they occur in the story. Put the correct number in the boxes.
| (a) | Mr Fitzwarren provided shelter to Dick. | |
| (b) | A carter gave Dick a lift to London. | |
| (c) | A cat sailed to the African coast. | |
| (d) | The captain sold the cat for a very high amount of money. | |
| (e) | Dick left his village on foot, to go to London. | |
| (f) | Dick became rich, and later, the Mayor of London. | |
| (g) | Dick was homeless, helpless, cold and hungry. | |
| (h) | Dick bought a cat to get rid of the mice. | |
| (i) | The rats and mice ate up all the dinner, laid for the king and queen. |
Read the story and choose the appropriate meaning.
Masterpiece ____________.
Discuss in groups and share with one another.
The daily routine of your mother and father on working days.
Ask your parents to show you TV programs on animals, wildlife and conservation on channels like the following:
DD National, National Geographic, Discovery, and Animal Planet.
Suggest what you would do in the following situation:
One particular friend of yours is always late for college, social functions, movies, etc. and delays everyone.
Form pairs. Present in the class, the conversation between Thiruvalluvar and the young man.
Write a recipe for the stone soup.
Write a conversation between a donkey and a horse.
Read the following chains of words:
- fortune - fortunate - fortunately - unfortunately
- know - knowing - knowingly - unknowingly
- amaze - amazing - amazingly
- possible - impossible - impossibly
Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
They may be composed and sung or recited for many years before __________________.
Sayali was travelling in space for the first time.
Complete the following diagram.
Prepare a ‘PowerPoint’ presentation, using one slide for each of the above points. Present your review in a PPT format in the classroom.
Be a poet. Try to complete the following poem with words that rhyme with each other.
| I’d love to live a life that’s ______ Relax under a shady t______ And fall into a dreamy s______p, With no strict hours, forced to k______ And sing aloud a merry ______, Untrodden paths, as I walk a______g. You ask me what I’d get to ______? Fruits and nuts and berries sw______ You ask me with whom I’d get to p______ Birds and animals, happy and g______ And if a woodcutter put a c______p Firmly, I would put a st______ So that’s the life I’d like l______d Free from worries, free from gr______d |
Say whether you agree or disagree.
The youngest child was most irritating.
Fill in the blank choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson.
The ______ solved the mysterious crime.
Read the highlighted words. They are adverbs.
- I was pulling hard.
- They ran away.
- Later, I was taken to the city.
- I went very carefully.
- They were greatly pleased.
Find two examples of the following from the lesson.
A Command
What is the world wide web?
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
The worst thing is that if anyone stays
Among them too long, he will learn their ways;
- What is the worst thing that can happen if anyone stays with them?
- What are the ways of the Grumble family?
‘Finally the day had come’. Here the day refers to ______.
Write the name of the toys against each picture.
The parents noticed some changes in the child. What were they?
Identify the character/speaker.
Wake up. You've been sleeping for too long.
Learning About Nature
Learn about caterpillars and butterflies. Read a book about a caterpillar turning into a butterfly. You can get one from the library or go online and find information with pictures.
Neerja passed on the warning in a code to the pilots because she______.
What are the characteristics of a courageous man?
Everyone in the ship started to pray because ______.
It is a problem for sea turtles to come ashore because ______.
Work in groups of five. Tell the story in ten sentences.
You can begin the story like this:
The author’s Grandfather served in the Indian Forest Service.
After his retirement he built ______ Now continue the story. Each one should say one sentence.
The teacher asked the children to take their seat because______.
Read the lines and answer the question given below.
And ever again, in the wink of an eye,
Painted stations whistle by
- ‘In the wink of an eye’ means very quickly. Explain ‘painted stations whistle by’.
What word could best replace ‘charges’ in the poem - marches, rushes or pushes?
The war between the two kingdoms ended in peace.
How did Santhosh know that the river was clean?
What does it give to the farmer?
_______ broke out in the near by villages.
Which place was the last stand of the Indian army?
Jaswant was captured alive.
How were her strokes?
All the children wished to go to the______.
Why was the teacher annoyed?
What are the difficulties they faced in India?
Senthil bought a ______ from his savings.
What does Amma often say?
Recite the poem The Painter with correct intonation.
The child won’t ______ anything, if he closes his ears.
Where did they go to buy books?
