Topics
Introduction of Commerce and Business
Trade
- Concept of Trade
- Internal Trade
- Wholesale Trade
- Retail Trade
- Types of Retailers> Itinerant Retailers
- Types of Retailers> Fixed Shop Retailer
- Small Scale Fixed Retailer
- Large Scale Fixed Retailers
- Departmental Stores
- Super Market Shop
- Chain Stores or Multiple Shops
- One Price Shop
- Concept of Mall
- International Trade
- Export Trade
- Procedure of Export Trade
- Import Trade
- Procedure of Import Trade
- Entrepot Trade
- Comparison of Different Types of Retailers and Trade Practices
Small Scale Industry and Business
Forms of Business Organisation - 1
- Private Sector Organisations
- Sole Trading Concern
- Partnership Firm
- Types of Partners
- Types of Partnerships Firms
- Hindu Undivided Family Business Or Joint Hindu Family Business
- Co-operative Society
- Types of Cooperative Societies
- Joint Stock Company
- Amul: A Successful Co-operative Movement in India
- Private Limited Company
- Public Limited Company
- Comparison of Different Forms of Business Organization
Forms of Business Organisation - 2
Institutes Supporting Business
Business Environment
- Concept of Business Environment
- Importance of Business Environment
- Dimensions of Business Environment
- Internal Factors
- External Factors> Natural Environment
- External Factors> Social Environment
- External Factors> Political Environment
- External Factors> Economic Environment
- External Factors> Technological Environment
- External Factors> Legal Environment
- New Economic Policy and Business
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Impact of New Economic Policy on Business
Introduction to Management
- Private and Public Company
- Comparison of Business Organization Types
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Private and Public Company
| No. | Aspect | Private Company | Public Company |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Members | 2–200 | 7 or more |
| 2 | Share Transfer | Restricted | Free |
| 3 | Capital | No public fundraising | Public fundraising allowed |
| 4 | Prospectus | Not required | Required |
| 5 | Directors | Minimum 2 | Minimum 3 |
| 6 | Name Ends With | "Private Limited" | "Limited" |
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Comparison of Business Organization Types
| No. | Aspect | Sole Trader | Partnership | HUF Business | Co-op Society | Joint Stock Co. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meaning | Owned by one person | Two or more partners | Family-run ancestral business | Voluntary group for member services | Incorporated profit-driven with shares |
| 2 | Members | 1 | 2–50 | No limit | Min. 10, no max | Pvt: 2–200, Public: 7+, no max |
| 3 | Registration | Not required | Not compulsory (except in MH) | Not required | Compulsory | Compulsory |
| 4 | Liability | Unlimited | Unlimited, joint | Karta: unlimited; others: limited | Limited to the unpaid share value | Limited to the unpaid share value |
| 5 | Capital | Limited | Pooled by partners | Ancestral property | Moderate | Huge capital |
| 6 | Secrecy | High | Shared among partners | High | Less secrecy | Less secrecy |
| 7 | Management | Sole manager | All partners | Karta & co-parceners | Managing committee | Board of directors |
| 8 | Stability | Unstable | Unstable | Stable with family continuity | Stable | Very stable |
| 9 | Govt. Control | Minimal | Minimal | Limited | Strict | Strict |
| 10 | Law Applicable | No specific act | Partnership Act, 1932 | Hindu Law | Co-op Act, 1912 + State Act | Companies Act, 2013 |
| 11 | Formation | Easy | Few formalities | Simple | Cheaper but slow | Costly and complex |
| 12 | Voting Rights | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | One member = one vote | One share = one vote |
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