Topics
Introduction to Human Resource Management
- Human Resource Management
- Characteristics of Human Resource Management
- Importance of Human Resource Management
- Human Resources as a Competitive Advantage
- Functions of Human Resource Management
- Overview of Introduction to Human Resource Management
Job Analysis and Manpower Planning
- Job Analysis
- Relevance of Job Analysis
- Job Description or Position Description
- Job Specification or Man Specification or Employee Specification
- Job Enlargement
- Job Enrichment
- Manpower Planning
- Manpower Estimation
- Overview of Job Analysis and Manpower Planning
Staff Recruitment
- Recruitment
- Characteristics of Recruitment
- Sources of Recruitment: Internal Sources
- Sources of Recruitment: External Sources
- Differences Between Internal and External Sources of Recruitment
- E-recruitment
- Overview of Staff Recruitment
Staff Selection
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Selection
- Difference Between Selection and Recruitment
- Steps in Employee Selection Process
- Psychological Tests
- Interviews
- Types of Interviews
- Limitations of Interview
- Overview of Staff Selection
Staff Training
- Training
- Comparative Overview of Training, Education, and Development
- Importance of Training
- Types of Training
- Preparation of Training Programme
- Methods and Techniques of Training: On-the-Job Training
- Methods and Techniques of Training: Off-the-Job Training
- Types of Employee Training: Key Distinctions
- Hindrances to Training
- Benefits of Training to Employer and Employee
- Overview of Staff Training
Staff Morale
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Morale
- Characteristics of Staff Morale
- Morale Productivity Matrix
- Measurement of Morale
- Factors Influencing Morale
- Determinants of Morale
- Methods of Raising Morale
- Indicators of Low Morale or Disadvantages of Low Morale
- Passive Effects of High Morale or Advantages of High Morale
- Importance of Team Work
- Measures for Building Effective Teams
- Overview of Staff Morale
Staff Motivation
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Motivation
- Motivation Process
- Characteristics of Staff Motivation
- Difference Between Motivation and Morale
- Importance of Staff Motivation
- Factors Influencing Motivation
- Difference Between Financial/Monetary and Non-Financial/Non-Monetary Incentives
- Maslow's Theory of the Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
- Critical Appraisal of Herzberg's Theory
- Relationship Between Maslow and Herzberg Theories
- Overview of Staff Motivation
Staff Remuneration
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Remuneration
- Money Wages and Real Wages
- Methods of Wage Payment: Time-Rate System
- Methods of Wage Payment: Piece-Rate System
- Distinction between Time-Rate and Piece-Rate System
- Wage Records
- Various Staff Benefits
- Gratuity
- Types of Leave
- Overview of Staff Remuneration
Staff Leadership
- Meaning and Definition of Leadership
- Distinction Between Leadership and Management
- Importance of Leadership
- Leadership - Qualities of a Good Leader
- Leadership Styles
- Difference between Different Styles of Leadership
- Leaders: Born or Made?
- Leadership Continuum
- Situational Leadership
- The Managerial Grid
- Overview of Staff Leadership
Staff Appraisal
- Performance Appraisal
- Potential Appraisal
- Objectives of Performance Appraisal
- Importance of Performance Appraisal
- Method of Performance Appraisal
- Appraisal by Results
- Appraisal by Superior Staff
- The 360° Appraisal
- Overview of Staff Appraisal
Staff Promotion and Transfer
- Meaning and Definition of Promotion
- Benefits of Promotion
- Limitations of Promotion
- Open and Closed Policy of Promotion
- Dry Promotion and Upgrading
- Demotion
- Requirements of a Sound Promotion Policy
- Bases of Promotion
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Transfer
- Need and Purposes of Staff Transfer
- Types of Transfer
- Is Transfer a Punishment?
- Transfer Policy
- Overview of Staff Promotion and Transfer
Staff Separation
- Introduction of Staff Separation
- Means of Staff Separation
- Exit Interview
- Overview of Staff Separation
Emerging Trends in Human Resources
- Flexible Hours
- Permanent Part Time
- Work from Home
- Retainership
- Virtual Team
- Self-managing Teams (SMTs)
- Overview of Emerging Trends in Human Resources
Business Communication
- Communication
- Importance of Communication in Business
- Elements of the Communication Process
- Oral or Spoken Communication
- Written Communication
- Distinction between Oral Communication and Written Communication
- Gestural Communication
- Visual Communication
- Distinction Between Gestural and Visual Communication
- Internal Communication
- External Communication
- Distinction Between Internal and External Communication
- Formal Communication
- Informal Communication or Grapevine
- Distinction Between Formal and Informal Communications
- Horizontal Communication
- Vertical Communication
- Diagonal Communication
- Barriers to Communication
- Overcoming the Barriers to Communication
- Current Trends in Business Communication
- Overview of Business Communication
Business Correspondence
- Needs and Functions of Business Correspondence
- Elements and Components of Business Letters
- Essentials of a Good Business Letter
- Types of Letters
- Overview of Business Correspondence
Reports and Report Writing
- Meaning and Definition of a Report
- Characteristics of Reports
- Purposes or Functions of Reports
- Essentials of a Good Report
- Format of a Report
- Types of Reports
- Overview of Reports and Report Writing
Various Business Entities
- Sole Proprietorship
- Concept of Partnership
- Difference Between Partnership and Sole Proprietorship
- Private Limited Company
- Public Limited Company
- Difference Between Private Company and Public Company
- Overview of Various Business Entities
Sources of Business Finance
- Kinds of Shares> Equity Shares
- Kinds of Shares> Preference Shares
- Concept of Debentures
- Retained Profits
- Loans
- Public Deposits
- Trade Credit
- Accounting Treatment> Discounting the Bill of Exchange
- Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
- Angel Investors
- Venture Capitalists
- Crowd Funding
- Peer-To-Peer Funding
- Factoring
- Overview of Sources of Business Finance
Globalisation
- Globalisation
- Nature of Globalisation
- Opportunities and Threats of Globalisation
- Transformation of Business by Globalisation
- Overview of Globalisation
E-Business
- Concept of E-business
- Comparative Study of E-Business
- Nature of E-Business
- Importance of E-Business
- Online Means of Conducting Business
- Overview of E-Business
Outsourcing
- Concept of Outsourcing
- Parties Involved in Outsourcing
- Concept of Outsourcing
- Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
- Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO)
- Overview of Outsourcing
Business Regulators and Intermediaries
- Concept of Regulators and Intermediaries
- Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
- Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
- Bureau of Indian Standards Authority (BISA) - Indian Standard Institute (ISI)
- Overview of Business Regulators and Intermediaries
- Introduction
- Definition: Private Limited Company
- Features
- Restrictions
- Real-Life Example
- Key Point Summary
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Introduction
A Private Limited Company is a business owned by a small group, such as a family or close friends. The public cannot buy shares in this company. You need at least 2, but not more than 200 members.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Private Limited Company
According to the Companies Act, 2013,
A private company is a company which, by its articles, restricts the right to transfer its shares, if any, limits the number of its members to 200, and prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for any shares or debentures of the company.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Features
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Restrictions
- No Public Invitation: Cannot invite the public to buy shares or debentures.
- Limited Deposits: Can accept deposits only from members, directors, or relatives.
- Limited Share Transfer: Members can transfer shares, but only under special company rules.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Real-Life Application
Imagine your family starts a bakery and only family members can own shares. No outsiders are allowed to buy in. If you want to give your shares to a cousin, the company rules allow it, but an unrelated person cannot invest. This is similar to a Private Limited Company- a “closed group” with special membership rules.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Key Point Summary
- 2-200 members only.
- Cannot invite the public for investment.
- Deposits only from insiders (members, directors, relatives).
- Private Limited must be in the company’s name.
- Ownership and decisions are kept within a closed group.
