- E-business enables firms to reach customers globally, making the whole world a potential market.
- It allows 24-hour operations, enabling customers to place orders and make payments at any time.
- It reduces costs by lowering expenses on advertising, physical stores, and inventory management.
- Customers enjoy wide choice and convenience, as they can compare products and shop from anywhere.
- E-business improves customer satisfaction through direct contact, quick response, and secure online transactions.
Topics
Introduction to Human Resource Management
- Human Resource Management
- Characteristics of Human Resource Management
- Importance of Human Resource Management
- Human Resources as a Competitive Advantage
- Functions of Human Resource Management
- Overview of Introduction to Human Resource Management
Job Analysis and Manpower Planning
- Job Analysis
- Relevance of Job Analysis
- Job Description or Position Description
- Job Specification or Man Specification or Employee Specification
- Job Enlargement
- Job Enrichment
- Manpower Planning
- Manpower Estimation
- Overview of Job Analysis and Manpower Planning
Staff Recruitment
- Recruitment
- Characteristics of Recruitment
- Sources of Recruitment: Internal Sources
- Sources of Recruitment: External Sources
- Differences Between Internal and External Sources of Recruitment
- E-recruitment
- Overview of Staff Recruitment
Staff Selection
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Selection
- Difference Between Selection and Recruitment
- Steps in Employee Selection Process
- Psychological Tests
- Interviews
- Types of Interviews
- Limitations of Interview
- Overview of Staff Selection
Staff Training
- Training
- Comparative Overview of Training, Education, and Development
- Importance of Training
- Types of Training
- Preparation of Training Programme
- Methods and Techniques of Training: On-the-Job Training
- Methods and Techniques of Training: Off-the-Job Training
- Types of Employee Training: Key Distinctions
- Hindrances to Training
- Benefits of Training to Employer and Employee
- Overview of Staff Training
Staff Morale
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Morale
- Characteristics of Staff Morale
- Morale Productivity Matrix
- Measurement of Morale
- Factors Influencing Morale
- Determinants of Morale
- Methods of Raising Morale
- Indicators of Low Morale or Disadvantages of Low Morale
- Passive Effects of High Morale or Advantages of High Morale
- Importance of Team Work
- Measures for Building Effective Teams
- Overview of Staff Morale
Staff Motivation
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Motivation
- Motivation Process
- Characteristics of Staff Motivation
- Difference Between Motivation and Morale
- Importance of Staff Motivation
- Factors Influencing Motivation
- Difference Between Financial/Monetary and Non-Financial/Non-Monetary Incentives
- Maslow's Theory of the Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
- Critical Appraisal of Herzberg's Theory
- Relationship Between Maslow and Herzberg Theories
- Overview of Staff Motivation
Staff Remuneration
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Remuneration
- Money Wages and Real Wages
- Methods of Wage Payment: Time-Rate System
- Methods of Wage Payment: Piece-Rate System
- Distinction between Time-Rate and Piece-Rate System
- Wage Records
- Various Staff Benefits
- Gratuity
- Types of Leave
- Overview of Staff Remuneration
Staff Leadership
- Meaning and Definition of Leadership
- Distinction Between Leadership and Management
- Importance of Leadership
- Leadership - Qualities of a Good Leader
- Leadership Styles
- Difference between Different Styles of Leadership
- Leaders: Born or Made?
- Leadership Continuum
- Situational Leadership
- The Managerial Grid
- Overview of Staff Leadership
Staff Appraisal
- Performance Appraisal
- Potential Appraisal
- Objectives of Performance Appraisal
- Importance of Performance Appraisal
- Method of Performance Appraisal
- Appraisal by Results
- Appraisal by Superior Staff
- The 360° Appraisal
- Overview of Staff Appraisal
Staff Promotion and Transfer
- Meaning and Definition of Promotion
- Benefits of Promotion
- Limitations of Promotion
- Open and Closed Policy of Promotion
- Dry Promotion and Upgrading
- Demotion
- Requirements of a Sound Promotion Policy
- Bases of Promotion
- Meaning and Definition of Staff Transfer
- Need and Purposes of Staff Transfer
- Types of Transfer
- Is Transfer a Punishment?
- Transfer Policy
- Overview of Staff Promotion and Transfer
Staff Separation
- Introduction of Staff Separation
- Means of Staff Separation
- Exit Interview
- Overview of Staff Separation
Emerging Trends in Human Resources
- Flexible Hours
- Permanent Part Time
- Work from Home
- Retainership
- Virtual Team
- Self-managing Teams (SMTs)
- Overview of Emerging Trends in Human Resources
Business Communication
- Communication
- Importance of Communication in Business
- Elements of the Communication Process
- Oral or Spoken Communication
- Written Communication
- Distinction between Oral Communication and Written Communication
- Gestural Communication
- Visual Communication
- Distinction Between Gestural and Visual Communication
- Internal Communication
- External Communication
- Distinction Between Internal and External Communication
- Formal Communication
- Informal Communication or Grapevine
- Distinction Between Formal and Informal Communications
- Horizontal Communication
- Vertical Communication
- Diagonal Communication
- Barriers to Communication
- Overcoming the Barriers to Communication
- Current Trends in Business Communication
- Overview of Business Communication
Business Correspondence
- Needs and Functions of Business Correspondence
- Elements and Components of Business Letters
- Essentials of a Good Business Letter
- Types of Letters
- Overview of Business Correspondence
Reports and Report Writing
- Meaning and Definition of a Report
- Characteristics of Reports
- Purposes or Functions of Reports
- Essentials of a Good Report
- Format of a Report
- Types of Reports
- Overview of Reports and Report Writing
Various Business Entities
- Sole Proprietorship
- Concept of Partnership
- Difference Between Partnership and Sole Proprietorship
- Private Limited Company
- Public Limited Company
- Difference Between Private Company and Public Company
- Overview of Various Business Entities
Sources of Business Finance
- Kinds of Shares> Equity Shares
- Kinds of Shares> Preference Shares
- Concept of Debentures
- Retained Profits
- Loans
- Public Deposits
- Trade Credit
- Accounting Treatment> Discounting the Bill of Exchange
- Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
- Angel Investors
- Venture Capitalists
- Crowd Funding
- Peer-To-Peer Funding
- Factoring
- Overview of Sources of Business Finance
Globalisation
- Globalisation
- Nature of Globalisation
- Opportunities and Threats of Globalisation
- Transformation of Business by Globalisation
- Overview of Globalisation
E-Business
- Concept of E-business
- Comparative Study of E-Business
- Nature of E-Business
- Importance of E-Business
- Online Means of Conducting Business
- Overview of E-Business
Outsourcing
- Concept of Outsourcing
- Parties Involved in Outsourcing
- Concept of Outsourcing
- Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
- Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO)
- Overview of Outsourcing
Business Regulators and Intermediaries
- Concept of Regulators and Intermediaries
- Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
- Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
- Bureau of Indian Standards Authority (BISA) - Indian Standard Institute (ISI)
- Overview of Business Regulators and Intermediaries
Estimated time: 23 minutes
CISCE: Class 12
Definition: E-Business
- "E-business means consumer and business transactions conducted over a network using computers and telecommunications". - Department of Treasury, USA
- "E-business refers to commercial transactions between organisations and individuals, based on the processing or transmission of digitised data, units, text, sound and visual images which are carried out over open networks, or closed networks with a gateway to open networks". - OECD
- "E-business is a general concept covering any form of business transactions or information exchange that is made by using information and communication technology". - European Union Website
- "E-business means commercial transactions in which an order is placed electronically and goods or service are delivered in tangible or electronic form". - The International Fiscal Association
- "E-business means the transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication in place of paper based methods of communication". - Information Technology Act, 2000
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: E-Business
- E-business means conducting business activities through the Internet and electronic networks.
- It includes all types of electronic business transactions between buyers and sellers.
- E-business is broader than e-commerce, as it covers not only buying and selling but also production, finance, HR, and inventory management.
- It is the result of the integration of information technology and communication technology.
- E-business improves efficiency, creates value, and strengthens relationships with customers and business partners.
CISCE: Class 12
Difference Between Traditional Business and E-Business
| Basis of Distinction | Traditional Business | E-Business |
|---|---|---|
| Formation | Difficult | Simple |
| Setting up costs | High – fixed assets required | Low – fixed assets not required |
| Operating cost | High due to fixed charges | Low as little fixed charges |
| Locational needs | Nearness to source of raw materials or markets | None |
| Physical presence | Necessary | Not necessary |
| Nature of contact with customers | Indirect through intermediaries | Direct |
| Scope for going global | Limited | Wide as no boundaries |
| Nature of internal communications | Hierarchical | Not hierarchical |
| Response time | Long | Instant |
| Personal touch | High | Low |
| Opportunity for sampling | Wide | Limited |
| Transaction risk | Low due to face to face contact | High |
| Type of staff required | Semi-skilled | High skilled |
| Business process | Sequential | Concurrent |
| Government support | Low | High |
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Nature of E-Business
- In e-business, buyers and sellers do not meet face-to-face; transactions are conducted online.
- The buyer selects products or services by browsing the seller’s website.
- Payment is made electronically through credit/debit cards, digital cash, or net banking at the time of placing the order.
- Goods are delivered through courier or post, while digital products can be downloaded online.
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Importance of E-Business
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Online Means of Conducting Business
- B2C (Business to Consumer) – Business firms sell goods and services directly to customers online, such as Amazon and Flipkart.
- C2C (Consumer to Consumer) – Consumers sell goods or services directly to other consumers through online platforms like OLX and eBay.
- B2B (Business to Business) – Online transactions take place between business firms, such as purchase of raw materials, components, and payments through EDI systems.
- Intra-Business (Intra-B) – Online transactions occur within different units or branches of the same organisation using networks like VPN.
- B2G (Business to Government) – Businesses interact online with government agencies for registration, filing returns, and obtaining approvals.
- G2B (Government to Business) – Government departments send notices, licenses, certificates, and other communications to businesses online.
- These online modes improve efficiency, reduce paperwork, and enable faster communication between firms, customers, and government.
