S.P. Singh solutions for Concise Chemistry [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 10 - Study of Compounds C. Nitric Acid [Latest edition]

Cold, dilute nitric acid reacts with copper to give ______.

What is aqua fortis?

What is aqua regia?

What is the fixation of Nitrogen?

During thunderstorm, rain water contains nitric acid. Explain with reactions.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Give the sources of reactants used in this process.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Name the catalyst used in the process.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Name the oxidising agent used in this process.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

What is the ratio of ammonia and air taken in this process?

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Why is quartz used in this process?

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
2. In the preparation of nitric acid from KNO₃, concentrated hydrochloric acid is not used in place of concentrated sulphuric acid. Explain why?
3. Conc. nitric acid prepared in the laboratory is yellow in colour. Why? How is this colour removed?
4. Give reasons for the following:
   In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, the mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium nitrate should not be heated very strongly above 200°C.

Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of HNO₃. State the reason.

What is passive iron?

How is passivity removed?

Name the products formed when carbon and conc. nitric acid is heated.

Name the products formed when dilute HNO₃ is added to copper.

Give two chemical equations for the following:

Reactions of nitric acid with non-metals.

Give two chemical equations for the following:

Nitric acid showing as acidic character.

Give two chemical equations for the following:

Nitric acid acting as the oxidizing agent.

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to nitric acid.

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when cupric oxide reacts with nitric acid.

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when zinc reacts with dilute nitric acid.

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when concentrated nitric acid is heated.

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Sodium nitrate

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

copper nitrate 

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Lead nitrate 

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Magnesium nitrate

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Ferric nitrate

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Aqua regia

Write an equation for the following conversions A, B, C and D.

Correct the following, if required:

HNO₃ is a strong reducing agent.

Correct the following, if required:

NaNO₃ gives NO₂ and O₂ on heating.

Correct the following, if required:

Constant boiling nitric acid contains 80% nitric acid by weight.

Correct the following, if required: 

Nitric acid remains colourless even when exposed to light.

Correct the statement:

Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.

The nitrate salt which does not give a mixture of NO₂ and O₂ on heating is ______.

The chemical used in the brown ring test is ______.

Lead nitrate decomposes on heating to give ______.

In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, nitre is heated with ______.

Nitric acid is manufactured by ______.

The catalyst used in the manufacture of HNO₃ is ______.

Cold and dilute HNO₃ reacts with Cu to give ______.

The brown ring test is used for the detection of ______.

Sulphur reacts with conc. HNO₃ to give ______.

The solvent for NO is ______.

The acid which can be used to etch designs on brassware is ______.

HNO₃ is kept in reagent bottles because it is ______.

The nitrate which does not leave any residue behind on heating is ______.

On heating zinc nitrate, the products formed are zinc oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. Zinc oxide is:

P a black solid

Q brown when hot, yellow when cold

R yellow when hot, white when cold

Which of the following is true?

Assertion (A): KNO₃ and conc. H₂SO₄ are the reactants for the preparation of nitric acid.

Reason (R): Conc. H₂SO₄ being a non volatile acid is used in the preparation of volatile acids.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Nitric acid prepared in the laboratory is yellow in colour.

Reason (R): Brown gas is used in its preparation.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Catalytic oxidation of Ammonia does not require any external heat in Oswald process.

Reason (R): Catalytic oxidation of ammonia is an endothermic process.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): The yellow colour of nitric acid is removed by using carbon dioxide gas or dry air.

Reason (R): Carbon dioxide gas or dry air drives away NO₂ gas from the warm nitric acid.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Nitric acid reacts with NaOH/KOH to form salt and water.

Reason (R): Alkalies react with acids to form salt and water.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Cold and dilute nitric acid oxidise metals to their nitrates and nitric oxide.

Reason (R): Hot and concentrated nitric acid liberates nitrogen dioxide.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Match the following:

Choose the most appropriate option from the list given below to fill in the blanks.

[NO, Nessler’s reagent, NO_2, Iron, brown ring, magnesium, Haber’s, Ostwald, Iron (II) sulphate, Hydrogen, Iron (III) sulphate]

A yellow non-metal, sulphur reacts with nitric acid to liberate ______.

Choose the most appropriate option from the list given below to fill in the blanks.

[NO, Nessler’s reagent, NO_2, Iron, brown ring, magnesium, Haber’s, Ostwald, Iron (II) sulphate, Hydrogen, Iron (III) sulphate]

______ test is used to identify the nitrate radical.

Choose the most appropriate option from the list given below to fill in the blanks.

[NO, Nessler’s reagent, NO_2, Iron, brown ring, magnesium, Haber’s, Ostwald, Iron (II) sulphate, Hydrogen, Iron (III) sulphate]

Dilute HNO₃ reacts with copper evolving ______ gas.

Choose the most appropriate option from the list given below to fill in the blanks.

[NO, Nessler’s reagent, NO_2, Iron, brown ring, magnesium, Haber’s, Ostwald, Iron (II) sulphate, Hydrogen, Iron (III) sulphate]

Nitric acid is obtained on a large scale by the process and the catalyst used is ______.

Choose the most appropriate option from the list given below to fill in the blanks.

[NO, Nessler’s reagent, NO_2, Iron, brown ring, magnesium, Haber’s, Ostwald, Iron (II) sulphate, Hydrogen, Iron (III) sulphate]

In ______ test, freshly prepared ______ solution is used.

Choose the most appropriate option from the list given below to fill in the blanks.

[NO, Nessler’s reagent, NO_2, Iron, brown ring, magnesium, Haber’s, Ostwald, Iron (II) sulphate, Hydrogen, Iron (III) sulphate]

Nitric acid in a very dilute form reacts with ______ to form ______.

Name a nitrate of metal which on heating does not give nitrogen dioxide.

Name a nitrate which on heating leaves no residue behind. 

Name a metal nitrate which on heating is changed into metal oxide.

Name a metal nitrate which on heating is changed into metal.

Name a solution which absorbs nitric oxide.

Name the oxide of nitrogen which turns brown on exposure to air.

Name the gas produced when copper reacts with conc. HNO₃.

Identify the gas evolved when sulphur is treated with concentrated nitric acid.

Identify the gas evolved when a few crystals of KNO₃ are heated in a hard glass test tube.

Identify the acid.

Which is used for the preparation of non-volatile acid.

The acid which is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia.

Complete the table:

What is the property of nitric acid which allows it to react with copper?

Explain why only all-glass apparatus should be used for the preparation of nitric acid by heating concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium nitrate.

Explain why nitric acid is kept in a reagent bottle for a long time.

Iron is rendered passive with fuming HNO₃. Give reason.

Explain the following:

Dil. HNO₃ is generally considered a typical acid but not so in the reaction with metals.

Explain the following:
Concentrated nitric acid appears yellow when it is left standing in a glass bottle.

A dilute acid B does not normally give hydrogen when reacted with metals but does give a gas when it reacts with copper. Identify B. Write the equation with copper.

State one observation for the following:

Concentrated nitric acid is reacted with sulphur.

State one observation for the following:

Lead nitrate is heated strongly in a test tube.

State observation:

Zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated.

State one relevant observation for the following:

When crystals of copper nitrate are heated in a test tube.

Give the balanced equation for dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate.

Give a balanced equation for the following:

Oxidation of carbon with conc. nitric acid.

Give a balanced chemical equation for Laboratory preparation of Nitric acid.

Write a balanced equation for the action of heat on a mixture of copper and concentrated nitric acid.

X, Y and Z are three crystalline solids that are soluble in water and have a common anion.

To help you to identify X, Y and Z, you are provided with the following experimental observations. Copy and complete the corresponding inferences in (a) to (e).

1. A reddish-brown gas is obtained when X, Y and Z are separately warmed with concentrated sulphuric acid and copper turning added to the mixture.
   INFERENCE 1: The common anion is the ______ ion.
2. When X is heated, it melts and gives off only one gas which re-lights a glowing splint.
   INFERENCE 2: The cation in X is either ______ or ______.
3. The action of heat on Y produces a reddish-brown gas and yellow residue which fuses with a glass of the test tube.
   INFERENCE 3: The metal ion present in Y is the ______ ion.
4. When Z is heated, it leaves no residue. Warming Z with sodium hydroxide solution liberates a gas which turns moist red litmus paper blue.
   INFERENCE 4: Z contains the ______ cation.
5. Write the equations for the following reactions:
   1. X and concentrated sulphuric acid (below 200°C). (One equation only for either of the cations given in INFERENCE 2)
   2. The action of heat on Y.
   3. Concentrated nitric acid is added to copper turnings kept in a beaker.

The diagram given below is a representation of the Industrial preparation of Nitric acid by Ostwald’s process. With respect to the process answer the following questions:

1. Write the temperature and the catalyst required during the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
2. Give balanced chemical equation for the reaction occurring duringthe conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid.

Mention three important uses of nitric acid. Give the property of nitric acid involved in the use. 

Explain with the help of a balanced equation the brown ring test for nitric acid.

Why is freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution used for testing the nitrate radical in the brown ring test? 

The action of heat on the blue crystalline solid X gives a reddish brown gas Y, a gas which re-lights a glowing splint and leaves a black residue. When gas Z, which has a rotten egg smell, is passed through a solution of X, a black ppt. is formed.

1. Identify X, Y and Z.
2. Write the equation for the action of heat on X.
3. Write the equation between solution X and gas Z.

Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid except for its reaction with metals. In what way is dilute nitric acid different from other acids when it reacts with metals?

Write the equation for the reaction of dilute nitric acid with copper.

Write the equation for the reaction of conc. nitric acid with copper.

The figure given below illustrates the apparatus used in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.

1. Name A (a liquid), B (a solid), and C (a liquid). (Do not give the formulae.)
2. Write an equation to show how nitric acid undergoes decomposition.
3. Write the equation for the reaction in which copper is oxidised by concentrated nitric acid.

With respect to the brown ring test for nitrates, explain:

1. Freshly prepared ferrous sulphate is used.
2. Brown ring disappears if the test tube is disturbed.
3. Lead nitrate does not respond properly to the brown ring test. 
   Hint: Salt solutions forming insoluble sulphates interfere with the result of the Brown ring test.
4. What is the name and formula of the brown ring formed?