ICSE solutions for Biology [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 4 - Transpiration [Latest edition]

Define the following term:

Transpiration

Name the three types of transpiration.

What is meant by the term transpiration stream?

Where are stomata generally found?

State the functions of guard cells.

How do stomata differ from a lenticel?

What are lenticels? Where are they found?

Name the organ in which guard cells are located and mention the main functions of these.

Give the function of a thick cuticle layer in desert plants.

What is the advantage of wilting to a plant?

Briefly explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by:
The intensity of light.

Briefly explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by:
The humidity of the atmosphere.

Describe any three conditions which affect transpiration.

What are the advantages of transpiration to the plant?

What are the disadvantages of transpiration?

“A higher rate of transpiration is recorded on a windy day rather than on a calm day.” Explain.

Explain the relationship between transpiration through the aerial parts and absorption by the root hairs

Describe an experiment to prove that transpiration occurs more from the undersurface of dorsiventral leaves.

Give Reasons for the following:
Transplanting of seedlings to a flowerbed in the evening is better than doing so in the morning.

Give Reasons for the following:
Land plants die if their roots remain waterlogged.

Give Reasons for the following:
Young plants wilt on a hot sunny day.

Give Reasons for the following:
Plants absorb more water than their requirement

Give Reasons for the following:
 Balsam plants wilt during midday even if the soil is well watered.

Give Reasons for the following:
Forest bring in the rain, transpiration is the cause.

Give Reasons for the following:
Why do some herbaceous plants show wilting of leaves during mid-day which again recover in the evening?

Give Reasons for the following:
Guard cells are small in size and are kidney-shaped in outline.

Differentiate Between Transpiration and Guttation.

Differentiate Between Transpiration and Evaporation.

Distinguish between the following:
Stomata and lenticels

Differentiate Between Cuticular and Lenticular transpiration.

Differentiate Between Transpiration and Translocation.

Differentiate Between Transpiration and Perspiration.

Differentiate Between Stomata and Hydathodes.

Differentiate between guttation and bleeding in plants.

Differentiate Between Cobalt chloride paper and Goat’s bladder.

The diagram below represents a structure found in a leaf.

Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the pis labeled A and B.
(ii) What is the biological term for the above structure?
(iii) What is the function of the part labeled A?
(iv) Mention two structural features of A, which help in the function mentioned in (iii) above.
(v) Where is this structure likely to be found in a leaf?
(vi) The above structure helps in the process of transpiration. Explain the term transpiration.
(vii) How many other cells are found surrounding this structure as seen in the diagram?

The figure below represents the vertical section of a leaf:

(i) Name the parts labeled 1 to 5.
(ii) What do the two arrows (dotted and solid) indicate in the day time and at night?
(iii) Could you add one more arrow in the figure? If yes, what for?
(iv) How many leaf veins have been shown in this section?

Given below are the diagrams of a certain structure in plants in two conditions.

(i) Name the structure shown.
(ii) Name the parts numbered 1-5.
(iii) What is the most apparent difference between A and B in the structure shown?
(iv) Describe the mechanism which brings about the change in the structure depicted in A and B.

Given below is an experimental set up to study a particular process:

(i) Name the process being studied.
(ii) Explain the process named in (i) above.
(iii) Why is the pot covered with a plastic sheet?
(iv) Mention one way in which this process is beneficial to the plant.
(v) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment.

The figure given below represents an experimental setup with a weighing machine to demonstrate a particular process in plants. The experimental set-up was placed in bright sunlight. Study the diagram and answer the following questions:

1. Name the process intended for the study.
2. Define the above mentioned process.
3. When the weight of the test tubes (A and B) is taken before and after the experiment, what is observed? Give reasons to justify your observations in A & B.
4. What is the purpose of keeping the test tube B in the experimental set-up?
5. What is the purpose of putting oil in the test tube?

Study the diagram given alongside and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Explain the physiological process of being study.
(ii) What will be the observations in the two test-tubes after about 2-3 days?
(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (ii) above.
(iv) Why is the surface of water covered with oil?
(v) State the purpose of setting up test tube B.

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the process being studied in the above experiment.
(ii) Explain the process mentioned in (i) above.
(iii) Why is oil placed over water?

Given below is the diagram of an experimental set up to study the process of transpiration in plants. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) What is the colour of dry cobalt chloride paper?
(ii) Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? Give a reason to support your answer.
(iii) Why axe glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers?
(iv) After about half an hour what change, if any, would you expect to find in the cobalt chloride paper placed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the leaf? Give a reason to support your answer.
(v) Define the term ‘transpiration’.

The apparatus shown here is Girreau’s poto-meter designed to demonstrate unequal transpiration from the two surfaces of a dorsiventral leaf. Before keeping the leaf in between the cups, anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl₂) contained in two small vials were weighed and placed in both the cups. The ends of the cups were closed with corks through which two mercury manometers were connected. After a few hours, CaCl₂ vials were taken out and weighed again.

(i) What is the purpose of keeping CaCl₂ vials inside the cup?
(ii) After a few hours, the CaCl₂ vials were taken out and weighed again. Will you expect any difference in weight? If so, give reasons.
(iii) What was the purpose of using a mano-meter?
(iv) What do you mean by transpiration?

The following diagram is set up to demonstrate an experiment.

Five plants A, B, C, D, and E were placed in a beaker containing water. The water in each beaker was covered with a layer of oil. The leaves were removed from plant D in plant B, upper surfaces of all the leaves were covered with Vaseline, in-plant C the lower surfaces of all the leaves were covered with Vaseline and plant E was exposed to strong light. The beakers were then left for a few hours and at the end of the experimental period, weights of each beaker were taken.
Write the correct answer out of the five available choices given under each question:
I. In which beaker would you expect the greatest decrease in weight?
(i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E
II. In which beaker the change of weight would be minimum?
(i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E
III. Which plant would remain healthy for a longer period of time?
(i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E
IV. In this experiment which plant can be considered as the uncontrolled one?
(I) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E
V. The difference of weight would b maximum between:
(i) A and B (ii) A and C (iii) A and D (iv) A and E (v) D and E

Given below is an apparatus used to study a particular process in plants. Study the same and answer the questions that follow :

(i) Name the apparatus.
(ii) Mention one limitation of this apparatus.
(iii) Which phenomenon is studied with the help of this apparatus?
(iv) What is the function of the part marked ‘reservoir’?
(v) What is the role of the air bubble in the experiment?

Draw a labeled diagram of the stomatal apparatus and label the following in it: Stoma, Guard cells, Chloroplast, Epidermal cells, and Cell wall.

Draw a neat diagram of the stomatal apparatus found in the epidermis of leaves and label the Stoma, Guard cells, Chloroplast, Epidermal Cells, cell wall and Nucleus.

Explain the Term
Transpiration

Explain the term:

Cuticular transpiration

Explain the Term
Lenticular

Explain the Term
Stomatal transpiration

Explain the term:

Guttation

Explain the Term
Bleeding

Explain the Term
Lenticel

Explain the Term :

Hydathode

Explain the Term :

Wilting

Name the following:

The process of getting rid of excess water in the form of water vapour through the stomata.

Name the following:

Season in which the transpiration rate is the highest.

Name the following:

Holes present on the surface of the stems and twigs for transpiration.

Name the following:

A potometer is an instrument for measuring the rate of the most transpiration in a herbaceous plant like Balsam occurs through which part.

Name the following:

Plants in which lenticular transpiration.

Name the following:

A plant having sunken stomata.

Name the following:

Loss of water as droplets through leaves of an intact plant.

Name the following:

The structures through which guttation occurs.

Name the following:

The escape of plant sap from the ruptured or cut surfaces of the plant due to root pressure.

Give Technical Term
Loss of water from the aerial parts of a plant.

Give Technical Term
Opening found on the undersurface of the dorsiventral leaf.

Give Technical Term
Which side of the leaf has more stomata?

Give Technical Term
 When cobalt chloride paper is placed on lower and upper surface of the leaf, the paper of which side becomes more pink?

Give Technical Term
The substances which check the rate of transpiration.

Give Technical Term
A chemical used to prevent excessive transpiration in plants.

Give Technical Term
Main function of lenticel.

Give Technical Term
The apparatus used to compare the rate of transpiration in cut shoot.

Give Technical Term
The process by which excess of water is forced out directly from the tips of veins in the leaf.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Plants become cool as a result of __________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Transpiration is the loss of water__________________from the leaves of the plant.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Transpiration normally takes place in the presence of ___________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

95% of the total transpiration takes place through ________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

In Nerium, the stomata are present in _________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Openings found on the undersurface of the dorsiventral leaf are ___________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The leaves of the __________ plants have cuticular wax.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Guttation takes place generally at _____.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Transpiration is a physiological process

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Root hairs are the extensions of the outer epidermal cells of the root

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
More transpiration occurs from the upper surface of a leaf.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Transpiration takes place only in green plants

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
The pH of the guard cells increases during day time

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Evaporation is a physiological process

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Potometer is an instrument, used for measuring the rate of transpiration

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Calcium chloride paper is used to demonstrate transpiration

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Moist cobalt chloride paper is blue in colour.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Guttation occurs through stomata.

State the Location:

Stomata

State the Location:

Lenticels

State the Location:

Cuticle

State the Location:

Hydathodes

State the Location:

Guard cells

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Stomata

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Lenticels

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Cuticle

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Hydathodes

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Guard cells

Choose the Odd One Out

Choose the Odd One Out

Choose the Odd One Out

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:
 In the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata, the important factor is

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:
Stomata open during day and close at night because:

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:
In hot summer days, plant cooling is due to :

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:

If the rate of transpiration becomes more than the rate of photosynthesis, plant will ______

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:
Transpiration is very low during storms due to:

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:

Transpiration pull will be maximum under which of the following conditions?

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:
Plants lose water by guttation when:

Mark the most appropriate answer in the following:
Guttation is the elimination of excess of water from plants through:

Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.